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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . PARTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Nose Pharynx UPPER RESPIRTORY TRACT Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree LOWER RESPIRTORY TRACT Lungs. UPPER RESPIRATRY TRACT. THE NOSE.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  3. PARTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Nose • Pharynx UPPER RESPIRTORY TRACT • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchial tree LOWER RESPIRTORY TRACT • Lungs

  4. UPPER RESPIRATRY TRACT

  5. THE NOSE • Structure: It is formed by 2 nasal cavities separated from each other by nasal septum & separated from the mouth cavity by the palate. • Communications: to the outside by the external nasal openings & to the nasopharynx by the internal nasal openings. • Functions: • Air way passage. • Air warming (by its blood vessels). • Air moistening (by its mucus secretion). • Trapping of foreign particles. • N.B.: The paranasal sinuses: They are cavities inside the bone of skulls. They lighten the skull.

  6. THE PHARYNX • Structure:It is a muscular tube. • Function: It is a common pathway for air and food. • Parts: Nasopharynx, oropharynx & laryngopharynx. • Pharyngeal tonsils: Collection of lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx. • Palatine tonsils: Collection of lymphatic tissue in oropharynx.

  7. THE LARYNX • Structure: It is formed of 9 cartilages united by ligaments & muscles. • Thyroid cartilage: largest cartilage, forms “Adams apple” in male. • Epiglottis: closes superior opening of larynx when we are swallowing. • Functions: • Pathway of air. • Production of voice by vocal cords.

  8. THE TRACHEA • Structure:A tube formed of C-shaped cartilage rings (Why C-shaped? To allow distention of esophagus). • Site:It extends from the neck to thorax, in front of esophagus. • Termination: It divides into 2 primary bronchi. • Function: Pathway of air.

  9. THE BRONCHIAL TREE • Right & left primary bronchi: right bronchus is larger and straighter than left : inhaled foreign object go mostly to right bronchus. • Primary bronchi divides into smaller bronchi then to bronchioles. • Function: Pathway of air

  10. LUNG & ALVEOLI

  11. THE LUNGS • Site: They occupy all the thoracic cavity except for the central area where heart is found. • Shape: They are conical in shape, with apex directed upward. • The right lung is larger, shorter & has 3 lobes. • The left lung is smaller, longer & has 2 lobes. • Structure:They are formed of air spaces (alveoli) surrounded by elastic tissue. • Function: area of gas exchange between blood & inspired air. • N.B.: The pleura: A double-layered sac that surrounds the lung. Between both layers there is a cavity filled with fluid. It prevents friction of lungs with thoracic cage.

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