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The World of Jim Crow

The World of Jim Crow. -- chapter 9, section 3 --. The Roots of Jim Crow. Reconstruction Union troops enforce rights of former slaves in South Blacks vote blacks into office 1877 = End of Reconstruction No more Union troops to enforce rights Freedoms begin to fade. Voting Restrictions.

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The World of Jim Crow

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  1. The World of Jim Crow -- chapter 9, section 3 --

  2. The Roots of Jim Crow • Reconstruction • Union troops enforce rights of former slaves in South • Blacks vote blacks into office • 1877 = End of Reconstruction • No more Union troops to enforce rights • Freedoms begin to fade

  3. Voting Restrictions • Concern = too much political power for blacks if they vote • 1890s: voting restrictions emerge • Property requirement • Poll tax • Literacy tests • Grandfather clauses • Limit black voting w/out specifying

  4. De Facto Segregation • Segregation that simply results from tradition. • It exists in fact, but not in law. • Soon became legalized • Jim Crow laws required segregation in schools, parks, hospitals, theaters, restrooms, other public buildings. • Black facilities were always inferior.

  5. Jim Crow Etiquette • Keeping blacks “in their place” • System of etiquette requiring blacks to show deference to whites • Whites say, “Boy” or “(first name)” • Blacks say, “Mister” or “Sir” • Small breaches of etiquette: • Loss of job for blacks • Subjected to violence

  6. Lynching • The murder of an accused person by a mob w/out a lawful trial. • Sometimes included a mock trial. • Sometimes victims were mutilated before being hanged or shot. • Lynchers were rarely pursued, caught, convicted, or punished.

  7. Northern Migration • Many African Americans moved north  de facto discrimination • Schools, housing, employment • Job competition in N. cities creates fear. RACE RIOTS! • NYC, 1900 • Springfield, Illinois, 1908(not job-related)

  8. It becomes LEGAL. • Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 • Homer Plessy (1/8 African) buys a first-class train ticket from New Orleans. He refuses to sit in the black only car. • He is arrested. • Case reaches the Supreme Court.

  9. Plessy Decision • RULING: Segregation is legal as long as the separate facilities were equal to the whites’ facilities. • “Separate but Equal” • The 14th Amendment was “not intended to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil equality.”

  10. Resisting Discrimination • 1905: Niagara Movement vows • Never to accept “inferiority” • Never to bow to “oppression” • Never to apologize “before insult” • Only 400 initial members • They are listened to after the1908 Springfield Race Riots.

  11. NAACP • Mary White Ovington • White social worker • Organized a national conference to address the “Negro Question” • Founding of the NAACP • By 1914 • 50 branches w/ 6,000 members • Worked through the court system

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