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Matter & Particles

Matter & Particles. Activity: Heating Ice. You will need: three ice cubes water a 250 ml beaker small measuring cylinder a heat source (electric hotplate) a thermometer or electronic temperature probe retort stand and clamp. Activity: Heating Ice. What to do:

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Matter & Particles

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  1. Matter & Particles

  2. Activity: Heating Ice • You will need: • three ice cubes • water • a 250 ml beaker • small measuring cylinder • a heat source (electric hotplate) • a thermometer or electronic temperature probe • retort stand and clamp

  3. Activity: Heating Ice • What to do: • Place about 20 ml water into the beaker. • Place three ice cubes into the beaker. Use a thermometer to measure the ice and water mixture over a few minutes until the temperature reaches a minimum. • The beaker can now go onto a warm hot plate (~ 200°C). Use the retort stand and clamp to hold the thermometer steady to take readings. • Steam and boiling water can both scald. Take great care when measuring the higher temperatures. If scalded, place the area of skin under cold running water for at least 5 minutes and let your teacher know.

  4. Activity: Heating Ice • What to observe and record: • Take temperature measurements every 1 minute. The first recording is at 0 minutes. • Note the time when the ice begins to melt and when it finishes melting. Continue to take readings until the water begins to boil (take note of the time). Keep taking readings a few minutes after the water has boiled. • Results:

  5. Activity: Heating Ice • What to observe and record: • Take note of the temperature as the ice melts and the water is heated. • What is the lowest temperature? • What is the temperature of the water as the last ice cube melts? • What is the highest temperature the water gets to? • Results:

  6. Activity: Heating Ice • Questions • How do you explain what happens? • Use the idea that all matter is made up of sub-microscopic particles.

  7. Matter & Particles A model to explain how changes of state occur: The Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter: • All matter is composed of tiny sub-microscopic particles. • These particles are in constant motion. • The amount of motion (kinetic) is proportional to temperature. Increased temperature means increased motion. • Solids, liquids and gases differ in the freedom of motion of their particles and the extent to which the particles interact.

  8. Matter & Particles • Solid • Liquid • Gas • We sometimes use diagrams to help us understand this theory about moving particles. In the diagrams below, which represent the three states of matter, each circle is a particle of matter. • the particles are close together • the particles are held tightly together • the particles are not free to move • the particles simply vibrate in fixed positions • the particles are much further apart • the particles are not held together • the particles can move freely • the particles are close together • the particles are held less tightly than those in solids • the particles can roll over one another

  9. Matter & Particles

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