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The Reformation & Counter-Reformation

The Reformation & Counter-Reformation. The Reformation. 1500's. 16 th Century religious reform movement Led to new Christian sects not answerable to the Pope Also known as the PROTESTANT REFORMATION. Long Term Causes. Renaissance- Humanism led people to question Church authority

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The Reformation & Counter-Reformation

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  1. The Reformation & Counter-Reformation

  2. The Reformation 1500's • 16th Century religious reform movement • Led to new Christian sects not answerable to the Pope • Also known as the • PROTESTANT REFORMATION

  3. Long Term Causes • Renaissance- Humanism led people to question Church authority • Political Power shifted to strong Monarchs • Church Corruption & Extravagance

  4. Immediate Cause • German Monk Martin Luther posts 95 Theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg • Protested the sale of indulgences • The Printing Press helped spread his ideas throughout Northern Europe • Luther is excommunicated by Pope Leo X • Emperor Charles V’s Edict of Worms declares Luther an outlaw & Heretic

  5. Wittenberg Church October 31,1517

  6. Martin Luther • Believed Pope could not grant a pardon for sins • Believed Christians reached heaven only by faith in God • Priests did not have special powers • Established the Lutheran Church in Germany

  7. John Calvin • Frenchman lead Protestants in Geneva ,Switzerland • Believed ideal govt. was a THEOCRACY • Promoted the idea of PREDESTINATION • Calvinist led strict, disciplined & frugal lives • Calvinism spread to Germany, France, Scotland & England • Many Protestant sects have roots in Calvinism

  8. John Knox • Scottish Preacher brought Calvin’s teachings to Scotland • Knox’s followers were known as: • Presbyterians

  9. Protestantism in England • Henry the VIII broke with the Catholic Church because the Pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon • Parliament passes law ending the Pope’s power over England • Parliament makes the English King head of England’s church • Henry VIII marries 6 times

  10. Elizabeth I • Following Henry VIII’s death his 3 children eventually ruled • Edward VI continued Protestant reforms • Mary returned the English church to the Pope • Elizabeth I returned kingdom to Protestantism • Gave tolerance to Catholics • Aided Dutch Protestant Rebellion against Spain;Defeated Spanish Armada

  11. The Counter Reformation • Known as the Catholic Reformation • Purpose was to strengthen Catholic Church & keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism • Pope approves new religious orders such as the Jesuits • Pope Paul III Convenes the Bishops at the Council of Trent redefining the mission of the church • Reinforced the Inquisition in Papal territory

  12. The Council of Trent 1545 to 1563

  13. Long Term Effects of the Reformation • Religious Unity in Europe was shattered • Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, & other Protestant Churches formed • Lead to anti- Semitism in Europe • Religious wars break out in Europe for over 100 years

  14. Religous Conflicts The Peasants War- 1524-1526 (German States) Peace of Augsburg ended fighting between Charles V & German Lutheran Princes Wars of Religion (1562-1598) French Huguenots vs. French Catholics ( Edict of Nantes) The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) involved Catholics & Protestants from various European Countries

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