Continued unrest in France Reign of Terror

1. Continued unrest in France Reign of Terror

2. Unrest was fueled by • Continuous food shortages • Military Setbacks • Rumors of Royalist Conspiracies

3. Move to Radicalism • The Monarchy Ends in 1792 • Georges Danton- Newly appointed Minister of Justice • Rumors begin spreading –imprisoned nobles and other traitors were conspiring to defeat the revolution • Violence Erupts in the streets –leaving thousands dead • A new leader emerges – Jean-Paul Marat – Published the radical journal , Friend of the People

4. King is Executed • After 1789 – Citizens form political clubs. • Girondins Club- Feared the mobs and leaned toward keeping the king alive • Jacobins Club- Wanted the king executed • Mountain – Represented the interests of radicals in Paris. • King is beheaded on the guillotine.

5. After the execution … • Pressure to adopt more radical measures: Price controls on food, Universal Male Suffrage • A coalition from Austria , Spain, Prussia , Portugal , Britain, and the Dutch Republic take up arms against France • Looked like the revolution could be destroyed

6. National Convention • The National Convention gives the Committee of Public Safety broad powers. • Dominated by Georges Danton then by • Maximilien Robespierre (Jacobin) For a Year the Committee of Public Safety took control of the government Committee adopted policies that became known as the Reign of Terror

7. Reign of Terror • Throughout France 40,000 people were killed • 16,000 Killed by the Guillotine • Most were killed in towns that had openly rebelled against the convention • The Guillotine

8. Women's Roles • In 1793 two women founded the Society for Revolutionary Republican Women in Paris. Wanted to defend the Republic. • Men thought women should not participate in politics or military

9. De-Christianization • The convention pursued a policy to de-Christianize • Believed religion encouraged superstition • The word saint was removed from street names • Churches were lootedand closed by army's • Priests were encouraged to marry • The Cathedral of Notre Dame was changed into a temple of reason • Adopted a new calendar – Would no longer number years from the birth of Christ • Month Names were changed to refer to agriculture and climate

10. Growing an Army • Foreign troops gathered on Frances Border • Committee of Republic issued a decree to raise and army • French government raised a huge army in less than a year • Over a million soldiers • Pushed back the imposing countries

11. Robespierre is Executed • Robespierre was obsessed with ridding France of all corrupt elements • Law 22 –Gave him even more power to execute • Finally Deputies in the National Convention decided to act. (They were afraid of him) • Gathered enough votes to have him executed • Jacobins start to lose power after Robespierres execution • Moderate middle-class leaders take control • Reign of Terror comes to a halt

12. The Directory • More Conservative government • Churches are allowed to re-open • New Constitution in created • Set up two legislative houses (To prevent them to use too much) • Continue having division in government –Start to rely on military • One military leader turns on them- Napolean Bonaparte. • Toppled the Directory in a Coup d’etat (A sudden overthrow of the government