The Reign of Terror

1. The Reign of Terror Do Now: Predict what will next in the French Revolution

2. The Reign of Terror

3. I. Monarchy Abolished A. The French Republic - National Convention 1. Suffrage to all male citizens 2. Voted to abolish monarchy 3. Declared France a republic

4. I. Monarchy Abolished B. Death of the King and Queen 1. Louis XVI put on trial as a traitor 2. January 21, 1793 - King is beheaded

5. II. The Convention Defends the Republic • Problems: 1. Country at war at all sides with Europe 2. Vendee Region - priest led peasant rebellion against the government 3. Sans-Culottes demanded relief from food shortages and inflation

6. Sans-culottes

7. Sans-culottes depicted by a British Cartoonist

8. Committees were set up to organize the wartime effort Committee of Public Safety – created to carry out the duties of government Main task was to save the revolution at home and abroad They would later have totalitarian powers The Republic Defended Georges Danton

9. II. The Convention Defends the Republic B. Committee of Public Safety 1. 12 member committee almost had absolute power 2. Prepared France for all out war between rebels in the country and Europe

10. Marie Antoinette of to trial.

12. II. The Convention Defends the Republic C. Robespierre 1. Leader of the Committee of Public Safety 2. “The Incorruptible” 3. “Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible” 4. “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads.”

13. Maximilien Robespierre

15. Festival of the Supreme Being

16. II. The Convention Defends the Republic D. The Reign of Terror 1. 40,000 people were killed 2. Guillotine became a symbol of horror 3. Reign of Terror consumed its own - July 1794 Robespierre was arrested and executed

17. III. Reaction and the Directory • The Directory 1. Moderates gain control 2. Constitution of 1795 a. set up a 5 man Directory and a 2 house legislature b. held power from 1795-1799

18. III. Reaction and the Directory B. Problems with the Directory 1. Dictatorial 2. War with Austria and Great Britain 3. Corruption 4. Renewed revival of royalist feelings

19. The Arrest of Robespierre

21. The Fall of Robespierre • Replaced the worship of “Reason” with the “Cult of the Supreme Being” • Based on Rousseau’s vision of morality and civic religion • When more suspicions were proclaimed by Robespierre the Convention began to shout back • July 17 – 9th of Thermidor – Robespierre was arrested – and executed

22. End of the Terror • Winter of 1794 Robespierre began to attack the enrages – extreme Sans-culottes • Robespierre also turned against other republicans in the Convention – Jacques Danton • Robespierre accused these men of profiting from the revolution and disloyalty to moral virtue • All threatened his position • Law of 22 Prairial – tribunal can convict subjects without substantial evidence

23. IV. Results of the Revolution • Social Reform 1. Abolished slavery 2. Religious toleration 3. Social systems that helped veterans, poor, and widows • Nationalism • Pride in one’s country • La Marseillaise - national anthem