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Covalent and Acid Naming

Learn how to name covalent compounds and acids, including the use of prefixes for indicating the number of atoms. Examples provided.

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Covalent and Acid Naming

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  1. Covalent and Acid Naming Chapter 9

  2. Covalent Naming • Covalent compounds are compounds with ONLY non-metals. • Covalent bonds form by SHARING electrons. • Write the name of the 1st element in the compound • Write the root name of second element followed by suffix –ide. • Add prefixes to indicate the NUMBER of atoms present for each element. {NEVER use mono for first element)

  3. Covalent Naming • Prefixes • 6 = hexa • 7 = hepta • 8 = octa • 9 = nona • 10 = deca • Prefixes 1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

  4. Covalent Naming Examples • Dinitrogen trioxide • Chlorine dioxide • Borontrifluoride • Tetrarsnicdecoxide • CO • P2O5 • NO2 Examples • N2O3 • ClO2 • BF3 • As4010 • Carbon monoxide • Diphosphorouspentoxide • Nitrogen dioxide

  5. Naming Acids • Acids are covalent compound that begin with hydrogen • Two types of acids • Binary acids are acids with hydrogen and another element • Oxy acids are acids with hydrogen and a polyatomic ion

  6. Naming Binary Acids • Write hydro- • Followed by root name of element • End with –ic acid Example HBr is hydrobromic acid HCl is hydrochloric acid H2S is hydrosulfuric acid

  7. Naming Oxy Acids • Determine the name of the polyatomic that made the acid • If polyatomic’s name ends in -ate it become –ic acid • If polyatomic’s name ends in –ite it becomes –ous acid Example H2SO4 is from sulfate so name is sulfuric acid H2SO4 is from sulfite so name is sulfurous acid

  8. Acid Names to formulas • In forming acids hydrogen will have a +1 charge • Determine the charge of the anion and use hydrogen to balance it Example: Hydroiodic acid = H+1 I-1 so is HI Phosphorous acid = H+1 PO3-3 so is H3PO3

  9. Writing Acid Formulas • Use the name of the acid to determine the charge of the second element (polyatomic) • Add hydrogen to balance the charge to the front of the compound • Example • Hydroiodic acid • hydro means binary acid, iodic = I-1 • formula is HI • Phosphorous acid • no hydro means oxy acid, ending ous = ite • phosphite is PO3-3 • formula is H3PO3

  10. Mixed Naming/Formula Writing guidelines Writing Names • Look at elements to determine if it is • Ionic ( starts with a metal), use roman # only if transition metal • Covalent (only non-metals), uses prefixes • Acid (starts with Hydrogen), all end with word acid Writing Formulas • If there are prefixes in name write the number of atoms said in name • If there is no prefixes (acid or ionic) then you MUST balance charges [write ion’s first] • REMEMBER chemical formulas do NOT have charges in the formula.

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