Climate change impact on water resources

1. Climate change impact on water resources Comoro islands are located in the Western Indian Ocean about 10 degrees south of the Equator and less than 300 km of the East African coast.

2. Total area of the 4 islands 2236 sq km Population about 700 000 and 30% live in urban area Active volcano Karthala with a summit reaching up to 2361 meters above sea level.

3. The Islands experience tropical climate with two marked seasons: • a dry season occur between may and October • Hot and humid season between November and April

4. How might small islands be affected by suggested global climate change? Water is fundamental to human life and many activities: Agriculture Industry Power generation Transportation Waste management

5. Climate change is just one of number of pressures facing the hydrological system and water resources. • The availability of clean water is often constraint on economic development.

6. Studies into potential effects on climate change • On hydrology (focusing on the cycling of water) • Water resources (focusing on the human and environment use of water).

7. How to understand and prepare for this change? • It’s necessary to evaluate the extent and degree of the impacts.

8. The key water resources tresses • Relate to access to safe drinking water • Water for growing food • Overexploitation of water resources • Consequent environmental degradation and • Deterioration in water quality.

9. Sea level rise in response to climate change is serious threat to the populated coastal zone of the world. Many nations already suffer from • severe erosion • Coastal storm flooding • Salt water intrusion and • Loss of wetlands

10. Groundwater is the major source of water in coastal zone of archipelago of Comoros. • Aquifers are generally repleshed by effectives rainfall, river. • Sea level rise will cause saline intrusion into coastal aquifers • A reduction in precipitation couple with sea level rise would cause: • A dimunition of the harvestable volume of water • A reduction of the size of the narrow fresh mater lense

11. The impact of climate change on hydrology are usually estimated defining scenarios for changes in climatic input to hydrological model from the output of(GCMs)

12. In the water resources sector, • Technology • Economics • Institutions interact to make water supply meet water demand • Can we modify the management of current system to adapt to climate change? • How might climate change impact the design of new water infrastructure?

13. Water resource management(water supply infrastructure and operating procedures) • - important aspect of climate change assessment used to redistribute water supply to meet water demand.

14. Water management system • Is made of two parts: Surface water and groundwater Climate change will affect: -surface water supply via reduced flow into storage reservoir -groundwater supply increased or decreased percolation of water.

15. Water resources sector does not function in isolation • Human health • Fisheries • Coastal zone • Agriculture • Water resources researchers should have strong linkages to other sectors • Water resources needs to beconceptualised as integrated sector and not as independent one.

16. Idea of involving the stakeholders and politicians in our projects is very important. • Dissemination of information will help

17. Thank you