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Anti-Social Behavior and the Media

Anti-Social Behavior and the Media. BY Amy, Anthony, Mason, Tiffany. Behavior Affected by Video Games?. When was the first controversy over games? 1976 the game “Death Race” What is the controversy now? It hasn’t Changed

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Anti-Social Behavior and the Media

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  1. Anti-Social Behavior and the Media BY Amy, Anthony, Mason, Tiffany

  2. Behavior Affected by Video Games? • When was the first controversy over games? • 1976 the game “Death Race” • What is the controversy now? • It hasn’t Changed • (examples from today: “God of War”, “Grand Theft Auto”, “Call of Duty”)

  3. What do the Experts have to say • According to Douglas A. Gentile, Ph.D. they affect the brain for better and worse. • BETTER • Eye sight • Natural Teachers • Pro-social skills • Surgery

  4. WORSE • Aggression • Addiction • Obesity • Attention problems • How do Violent games affect the Attitude?

  5. In the brain • Comes down to: • Amount • Content • Socially • Depends on the format of the game

  6. Violence Spilling into the Real World • Columbine • Russia

  7. Game Rating • In 1994 the ESRB • Entertainment Software Rating Board • Problems? http://www.kongregate.com/games/cmann/the-torture-game-2

  8. Not All Bad • Test done by Gwen Dewar • Do you think video games are becoming too violent and what should be done?

  9. Antisocial content inmusic & movies First question: What is antisocial content?

  10. Definition of antisocial content

  11. Antisocial content in movies

  12. One of the most controversial movies of all time • Entertainment Weekly: the 2nd-most controversial movie ever made • Includes portrayals of rape, murder, etc. • Trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n2NXuQ5ako

  13. A moment of ethical theory…. Emphasizes relevancy of children dialoguing about media with their parents/educators

  14. Racism in movies http://movieclips.com/XyfJ-the-nutty-professor-movie-klump-family-dinner/

  15. Racism: it’s not just about black people From “The 50 Most Racist Movies” by Complex Magazine

  16. Antisocial content in music

  17. Top 10 most controversial songs of all time

  18. Suicide soundtracks • “Adam’s song” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MRdtXWcgIw • Phenomenon?http://www.avclub.com/articles/dont-try-to-wake-me-in-the-morning-36-mostly-excel,32292/ • Partial banning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrTz5xjmso4

  19. Kingston Controversy • AC/Radio Disney • MTV • BET/Fuse • FM104 in Dublin

  20. Antisocial Behavior and Television

  21. Examples of Antisocial Behavior on TV • Drug Use • Excessive amounts of sex • In-appropriate language • VIOLENCE

  22. Violent shows • Can range anywhere from slapstick cartoons to shows like Dexter

  23. How prevalent is Violence on TV? • The National Television Violence Study - a three-year assessment of 3,000 programs a year • 60% of programs across 26 channels contain some physical aggression • On average, a typical hour of programming features 6 different violent incidents • Violence varies considerably by genre and channel • Children’s programming is more violent than all other program types - superhero cartoons, and slapstick cartoons • In terms of channels: PBS (18%), Premium cable shows like HBO (84%), Broadcast network shows (51%), basic cable shows (63%).

  24. Does this Violence affect children? • 2 Theories: Social Cognitive Theory, and Information Processing Theory • Social Cognitive Theory- Children learn ideas, values, emotions, and even behaviors by observing others in their social environment...and on TV • Information Processing Theory - Focuses on the learning of “scripts” used as guides in responding to social situations

  25. Support for the Social Cognitive Theory • Study done with elementary school children • The elementary school children were exposed to a single episode of the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, and then observed for verbal and physical aggression in the classroom • Compared to a control group, the children who had watched Power Rangers committed significantly more intentional acts of aggression such as hitting, kicking, and shoving. • Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD9SXosOD74&feature=related

  26. Support for Information Processing Theory • Studies done over time that measure television viewing and aggressive behavior of children in grade school, and then 15 years later when they were adults • Researchers controlled for the child’s initial level of aggressiveness, the child’s IQ, the parents’ education, the parents’ TV habits, the parents’ aggression, and the socioeconomic status of the family • In support of learned scripts, heavy exposure to television violence in childhood predicted increased physical aggression in adulthood • The reverse was not true: being aggressive in childhood did not predict more viewing of violence in adulthood

  27. FCC Report • FCC report released April 25, 2007 - Research shows a connection between television violence and children’s aggressive behavior • Many critics have claimed that the report lacks depth and is inconclusive

  28. Potential Problems with Media Research • It is difficult to employ standardized, reliable, and valid measures of aggression and media violence exposure • Failure to adequately define “aggression” • What qualifies as statistically significant?

  29. Do you think that violent TV really has these effects on children and society at large?

  30. What about news? • News clip from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2011/04/15/damon.syria.torture.cnn?iref=allsearch • Do you think that media practitioners have an ethical obligation

  31. Options: • 1996 - Congress amends Title III of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C section 303(x) to require that all TVs with screens larger than 13 inches sold after 2000 include “V-chips” • V-chips allow users to block programs they do not want to view • Cable and satellite companies have voluntarily devised a ratings system that encodes each program, excluding news and sports, with a rating based on the amount of violent or sexual content • Research shows that many TVs in use do not contain V-Chips and those that do aren’t being utilized

  32. A la Carte • Allowing people to pick and choose the channels they want • Proponents of the method, like Dan Isett, who is part of the Parents Television Council, feel that with the current bundling of channels, “People are forced to subsidize the really graphic and explicit sex and violent content on ‘expanded basic’ just to get things like the Disney Channel and a football program on Saturday.”

  33. Problems with a la carte • Economically weaker channels would potentially fail without the support of more economically stable channels • It might drive channels to produce edgier content that the a la carte was meant to decrease. • Channels like the History Channel provide valuable educational information, but also might include war scenes deemed too violent for children

  34. Questions • Do you think attempts to regulate violence on TV infringe upon the First Amendment? • How do you feel some of the philosophers we have discussed in class would handle this ethical dilemma? • Do you think violence in the media has affected the way you look at things?

  35. First Amendment and Antisocial Behavior

  36. First Amendment • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

  37. Obscenity • Miller vs. California (1973) - Miller Test • Must meet all three criteria to be considered obscene: • The average person, applying contemporary community standards’ would find the work, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest. • The work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law. • The work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

  38. Violence • Zamora v. CBS (1979) • 15 year old killed neighbor. Blamed CBS, ABC, NBC • Desensitized to violence • Instigated and incited him to violence • Made him a danger to others • Didn’t fulfill “social contract” not to show kids violence. • Court ruled in CBS’s favor • Sets no standard for TV stations to follow • Right of public to have broad access to programming • Sensitive or insensitive public can’t interfere with right of broadcaster to broadcast.

  39. Indecency • Depicts or describes, in a patently offensive matter, sexual or excretory activities or organs. • Pornography • Reno v. ACLU (1997) • Made it legal for dissemination of indecent material through internet. • Government shouldn’t restrict indecent internet material. • Shouldn’t reduce adult population to only what is acceptable for children.

  40. Art • Offensive art • Piss Christ (1987) • Received government funding through “National Endowment of the Arts”.

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