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Review Session 1

Review Session 1. 1607-1800. Colonization. 3 types – Royal, Proprietary, and Charter New England : Religious influence of the Puritans – Plymouth settled by Pilgrims (many were Separatists) in 1620

caryn-weber
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Review Session 1

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  1. Review Session 1 1607-1800

  2. Colonization • 3 types – Royal, Proprietary, and Charter • New England: Religious influence of the Puritans – Plymouth settled by Pilgrims (many were Separatists) in 1620 -Mass. Bay – Puritans (but not Separatists) came in 1630 – over 15,000 came by 1640 – Great Migration Rocks and Religion

  3. Chesapeake/Middle Atlantic: Economic influence in Jamestown – hardships -establishment of tobacco (Rolfe and Pocahontas) ensured survival -some religious influence Sotweed and Slavery • Southern: Economic influence – rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton -Caribbean influence -Restoration colonies Sotweed and Slavery **both areas strongly influenced first by indentured servant labor, then slavery

  4. Puritans and Religion • “City Upon A Hill” (Boston) -Mayflower Compact – majority rule -Education (must read the Bible!) -voting and ‘democracy’ – representative government -Half-Way Covenant – allowed people to be Puritans even if they did not have a ‘conversion experience’ (church membership was waning) *limits – not all men could vote and no women; persecution – witchcraft!

  5. Puritans and Religion • Religion in Colonial America -Great Awakening – colony wide movement in 1730s-1740s -response to Enlightenment’s influence – de-emphasized religion -Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield -New Lights vs. Old Lights New: pro-GA Old: pro-Enlightenment *challenged power of ministers *competition among new churches (i.e.: Baptists, Presbyterians) *challenge to authority

  6. Great Britain and the Colonies Pre-1756 • Political Heritage -Self-government – expansion of voting throughout the 1700s -colonial assemblies – taxation with representation • Colonial Unity – pre-1756 -New England Confederation (1640s) -Albany Plan of Union (failed) -diverse society shared a national character characterized by political tradition of an English majority, free speech, free press (Zenger Case), elections, religious tolerance, and an occasional spirit of rebellion (Bacon)

  7. GB and the Colonies – Pre 1756 • Mercantilism Salutary Neglect vs. Navigation Acts -British established rules but ignored them since it was good for business British did maintain some control: 2 of 13 Govs. elected but assemblies maintained the “power of the purse”

  8. Colonial Institutions • Role of Slavery (and Indentured Servants) -Ind. Servants tried to fill demand for labor but slavery eventually took over -Ind. Servants fazed out after Bacon’s Rebellion • Colonial Autonomy -Economic: shipbuilding, home industries, agriculture, some professions -Religious: MD toleration Act (Catholics protected), PA – religious tolerance -Political: distance from GB, Freedoms, unique “American” identity developed

  9. The American Revolution • Causes and Change in Policy -Role of French and Indian War and Proc. of 1763 -1764: Sugar Act and Quartering Act -1765: Stamp Act – internal, virtual vs. actual, Protest – Stamp Act Congress, repealed (Declaratory Act) -1767: Townshend Acts – external on goods, boycotts, repealed (except tea tax)

  10. The American Revolution -1770: Boston Massacre – creates unity – Committees of Correspondence, cooling off period -1773: Tea Act – actually lowered cost of tea to save British East India Co., Tea Party – viewed as overboard by many but led to unity because of… -Coercive/Intolerable Acts – Boston closed, military rule in Mass. Quartering Act, Quebec Act, Unity!!!, 1st Continental Congress – boycotts and militias

  11. Was the Revolution revolutionary? • Evolution: democracy and freedoms existed long before 1770s -forces had been gathering for years and were simply carried out (Conservative view) • Revolution: American society radically altered, new nation formed, equality stressed (state constitutions, B of R), Rev. lasted until the 1830s (War of 1812, Jacksonian Democracy – expansion of voting rights)

  12. Articles of Confederation and Constitution • Critical Period: Successes of Articles: Ordinance of 1785, NW Ordinance (1787) and Treaty of Paris (1783) Failures: Economic issues, weaknesses of central government (no taxation, 1 branch, no uniform currency), Shays’ Rebellion – economic struggles

  13. Constitution • Areas of Disagreement: -Large states vs. Small states -Slave states vs. Free states -Strong state gov’t vs. Strong Fed. Gov’t Compromises! • Ratification: -Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists -Compromise

  14. Domestic Issues of the 1790s • Parties develop: -Ratification debate -Federalists: -Democratic-Republicans: • Hamilton’s Financial Plan: -Gov’t assumes debts of states -Tariff and Whiskey Tax -National Bank – controversial!!

  15. Domestic Issues of the 1790s • Elections of 1796 and 1800 -peaceful transition in power -Revolution of 1800 • Liberty vs. Order -Bill of Rights -Whiskey Rebellion

  16. Foreign Policy of the 1790s • Influence on Domestic Issues: -French Rev. divides a dividing country -Jay’s Treaty  -Pinckney’s Treaty  • Isolationists: -Proc. of Neutrality and Farewell Address -Adams and the XYZ Affair -Alien and Sedition Acts and VA-KY Resolutions

  17. AP Review Session 2 1800-1850 Nationalism vs. Sectionalism

  18. Jefferson and Marshall • Liberty (TJ): -suspended Alien and Sedition Acts -reduced size of army and navy -canceled Whiskey Tax • Order: -TJ – purchased LA, kept bank, Embargo Act -Marshall – supreme court cases – strengthened power of the Federal Government

  19. Era of Good Feelings • Political Parties: one party politics – Federalists dead from War of 1812 • Cultural Nationalism: anthem, art and literature • Economic Nationalism: American System and War of 1812 spurred growth of American business (Lowell System, Slater)

  20. Jacksonian Democracy • Political Changes: expansion of suffrage, nominating conventions (Anti-Masons) • Elections of 1824 and 1828: -1824: “Corrupt Bargain” -1828: first national campaign – Jackson’s coalition

  21. Parties • Democrats: • Whigs

  22. Foreign Policy • War of 1812 -Foreign events: -Domestic events: -sectionalism:

  23. James K. Polk • Texas: • Oregon • Mexican-American War:

  24. Polk • Wilmot Proviso:

  25. Economic Development • American System -Nullification: -Bank War -Internal Improvements:

  26. Expansion and Sectionalism • Indian Removal: • King Cotton: • Compromises over slavery:

  27. Causes of early industrial growth • Population: • Transportation: • Technology:

  28. Reform and Intellectual Movements • Temperance: • Asylums: • Education:

  29. Reforms… • Abolitionism: **Role of Market Revolution:

  30. Second Great Awakening • CG Finney: • Thoreau and Emerson:

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