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KNOW SOME TERMS

This article explores the concepts of thinking, language, and intelligence, discussing mental activities such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language processing. It also examines different strategies like trial and error, algorithms, and heuristics. The role of language in shaping thoughts and the study of animal cognition are also highlighted. Lastly, it delves into intelligence testing, including mental age, intelligence quotient, achievement tests, and aptitude tests.

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KNOW SOME TERMS

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  1. KNOW SOME TERMS Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

  2. Cognition

  3. the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge

  4. Thinking

  5. The manipulation of mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions

  6. Mental Image

  7. A mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present

  8. Concept

  9. A mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it

  10. Natural Concept

  11. A mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experience

  12. Prototype

  13. The most typical instance of a particular concept

  14. Problem solving

  15. Thinking and behavior directed toward attaining a goal that is not readily available

  16. Trial and Error

  17. A problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work

  18. Algorithm

  19. A problem- solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method that inevitably produces the correct solution

  20. Heuristic

  21. A problem-solving strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of possible solution

  22. Insight

  23. The sudden realization of how problem can be solved

  24. Intuition

  25. Coming to a conclusion or making a judgment without conscious awareness of the thought in their usual or customary way

  26. Functional Fixedness

  27. The tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way

  28. Mental set

  29. The tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

  30. Availability heuristic

  31. A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how readily available other instances of the even are in memory

  32. Representativeness heuristic

  33. A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the prototype

  34. Language

  35. A system for combining arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements

  36. Linguistic relativity Hypothesis

  37. The notion that differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts of their speakers

  38. Animal Cognition

  39. The study of animal learning, memory, thinking, and language

  40. Intelligence

  41. The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment.

  42. Mental Age

  43. A measurement of intelligence in which an individual’s mental age is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group

  44. Intelligence Quotient

  45. An global measure of intelligence derived by comparing an individual's scores of others in the same age group

  46. Achievement test

  47. A test designed to measure a person’s level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular areas

  48. Aptitude Test

  49. A designed to assesses a person’s capacity to benefit from education or training

  50. Standardization

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