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International Tourism Management

International Tourism Management. 7-8-9 December 2009. Introduction: 7 key points. « Ground rules » Rationale for the course Contents of the course Ambition of the course Assessment Online resources: Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Introduction (Who I am) . « Ground rules » / PRINCIPLES.

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International Tourism Management

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  1. International Tourism Management 7-8-9 December 2009

  2. Introduction: 7 key points • « Ground rules » • Rationale for the course • Contents of the course • Ambition of the course • Assessment • Online resources: Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 • Introduction (Who I am)

  3. « Ground rules » / PRINCIPLES • Language (English rather than French…) • Note-taking – is useful BUT you will have all these slides available later  • « English way of teaching »: based on tasks/activities • Contributions to the course blog

  4. Rationale: Why this course? • Managers in the hospitality industry need some contextual knowledge about tourism. • Tourism is a global and dynamic phenomenon that affects strategic management decisions in hospitality. • Tourism and hospitality have a joint impact on national economies and on local communities.

  5. Contents of the course

  6. Ambition of the course • A synthesis of what we do in England (MBA Tourism & Hospitality Management) • An introduction to key themes (at the interface of academic / professional) • An opportunity to explore new ideas (including challenging and critical ones)

  7. Assessment • Exam (2 hours) • Wednesday 13 January (TBC) • Based on known materials • Structure: • PART A: Text with compulsory questions (50%) • PART B: Choice of 2 questions out of 5 (50%) • On Wednesday afternoon we will spend time discussing all this 

  8. Online resources • Combining Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 • Website with all documents we need www.savignac.info

  9. The course blog http://savignacP22.blogspot.com SUGGESTION: bookmark it now («save as favourite») We will use it: • During our sessions themselves • Afterwards: revision tool (like website)

  10. Trying the blog  • To let you try the blog, I have posted a question (called « task 1 ») • It should be an easy question, as you studied French domestic last week  • Please post your answer (you can do so anonymously if you want)

  11. The most visited tourist sites in France (paid entry, 2007) • Eurodisney (14.5m) • The Louvre (8.3m) • The Eiffel Tower (6.8m) • The Georges Pompidou Centre (5.5m) • Château de Versailles (5.3m) • Musée d’Orsay (3.2m) • Cité des Sciences La Villette (3m) • Parc Astérix (1.6m) • Futuroscope (1.6m) • Arc de Triomphe (1.5m)

  12. Who am I? • Background: BSc Hotel Management • Work experience across Europe • Doctorate on tourism in Australia • University employment in UK • Consultant in tourism education • Publications in tourism: books and book chapter • Current project: “tourism ethics”

  13. Me and Savignac  • Taught P19, P20, P21 • Next January: AP (P23) • Viva examiner (“Jury d’examen”) : with you in June 2011 

  14. Contents of the course

  15. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, multidisciplinary topic Session 1 Definitions and key concepts

  16. Short quiz Basic rules: first answer on your own later you can check with others ;-) later I will give you my own answers :-)

  17. QUESTIONS • Define “management” • Define “tourism” • What is “inbound tourism”? • What is “outbound tourism”? • What is “travel propensity rate”? • What are the 5 top contries destinations (international tourism arrivals numbers)?

  18. Management • Def 1: P.O.L.C. • Def 2: A.R.

  19. Tourism Operational aspects: Distance (away from usual environment) How far? WTO: at least 160km Length Purpose of visit categories No remuneration Voluntary

  20. Inbound vs outbound tourism German tourists in Turkey: • From Germany’s viewpoint: outbound • From Turkey’s viewpoint: inbound NB: inbound is counted as export (because of the flow of capital it brings)

  21. Travel propensity • Percentage of population that takes at least one tourist trip (a year)

  22. International tourism arrivals: top countries as destinations • France (almost 80m) • Spain (almost 60m) • USA (around 50m) • China (around 50m) • Italy (around 40m) • UK (around 30m) • Germany (around 20m)

  23. Definition How would you define tourism management? - Prepare a short definition (2 or 3 lines) • Post your definition onto the course blog (you can do so anonymously) • http://savignacP22.blogspot.com

  24. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, complex topic Session 1 Definitions and key concepts

  25. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, complex topic Session 2 Current trends and changes

  26. Activity Identify and outline 4 trends/changes that are currently affecting the tourism/hospitality industry (on your own first – then later: discussions)

  27. Current trends/changes include: • Trend to more frequent yet shorter trips • The end of mass tourism (?) • More fragmentation/segmentation (self packaging etc) • Technological changes (not only e-tourism) • Development of « the new tourist » (but still a very small market?) • New motivations (replacing ‘sunlust’), new markets • « Green concerns »: sustainable tourism • Speed of change (incl. unexpected change)

  28. Some video illustrations Patrick Dixon: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2FfSMCceUM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PXUGqKKe1o&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRrFcfiXkqk

  29. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, complex topic Session 2 Current trends and changes

  30. Typologies of changes • Possible approach 1: • Changes affecting SUPPLY (i.e. industry corporate integration, airline alliances etc) • Changes affecting DEMAND (i.e. market customers who are more aware & knowledgable) • Possible approach 2: By theme: internal/external environment (STEEPLE model – factors and variables)

  31. STEEPLE model There are several versions of this model – am using: • Socio-cutural factors • Technological changes • Economics • Ethics • Political factors • Legal factors • Environmental protection This is all about the external environment (macro-environment).

  32. Socio-cultural factors (1) This morning we have already identified two of them: • Demographics (age: older tourists) • Tastes: tourists seek some « authencity » Can you think of other socio-cultural factors that lead to changes in tourism and hospitality?

  33. Socio-cultural factors (2) • Increase in discretionary time (for leisure purposes) • Increase in discretionary income (enabling tourism) • Democratisation of tourism (not the privilege of an elite anymore) // ETYMOLOGY OF WORD “TOURISM”  • New attitudes towards tourism: its benefits (esp. psychological benefits for the individual) are recognised • Development of a fashion system towards destinations • Emergence of new markets and new niches for example ‘grey tourism’, ‘gay and lesbian tourism’

  34. Technological changes • Transport: A380 (« superjumbo ») Air France 1st commercial flight: Nov 2009 • Product innovation – examples such as « fly drive » • E-tourism (see article on www.savignac.info)

  35. Technological changes and MARKETING • How can technology affect all aspects of the marketing mix?

  36. Economic changes • To which extent is the current recession aftecting tourism and hospitality? • UK perspective: a relatively good year for the tourism and hospitality industry, for the following reasons: • Weak £ (against euro) • Fewer outbound visitors • More inbound visitors

  37. Globalisation -- “mondialisation” • What does that mean? • What are the relationships between tourism and globalisation? 5mn: prepare some notes on your ownas if it were an exam question IDEALLY : CREATE A DIAGRAM

  38. Globalisation • Term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange. • Tourism contributes to globalisation (flows of tourists around the world, creation of a global tourist culture, development of multinational corporate organisations like Hilton and Accor) • Globalisation contributes to tourism development (increasing free circulation of people and services: ideas of liberalisation and market economy)

  39. Globalisation TOURISM GLOBALISATION

  40. Ethics • What does it mean, in general? • What does it mean, in a tourism context? • Example of ethical dilemmas: • Tourism in contested sites e.g. battlefields, concentration camps, dark tourism, war tourism • Sex tourism / child sex tourism

  41. Key document Code of Ethics for Tourism from WTO (see link from website www.savignac.info) - Read it - It is composed of 10 articles; which one do you prefer? Why?

  42. Political factors • A favorite topic amongst students in England: « tourism and terrorism » • Typical examples: 9/11, 7/7, Bali, Sinai… • Some realities: tourists’ anxieties, panics, some overreactions • Some misconceptions: tourism is not that elastic

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