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Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes

Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes. I. Geography of the Fertile Crescent. A. The Fertile Crescent is an upside down crescent running from the Persian Gulf north along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Coast of Israel.

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Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes

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  1. Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes

  2. I. Geography of the Fertile Crescent

  3. A. The Fertile Crescent is an upside downcrescent running from the Persian Gulf north along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Coast of Israel

  4. B. The valley between two rivers becomes known as Mesopotamia “ Land Between the Rivers”

  5. 1. Each year the rivers would flood and leave a rich layer of soil called silt

  6. C. People began to live there around 4500 B.C. but the Sumerians would settle there around 3500 B.C.

  7. D. Environmental problems

  8. 1. Unpredictable floods

  9. 2. Sumer was a cluster of small villages on a plain with noprotection

  10. SUMER

  11. 3. Limited natural resources

  12. E. Solutions for problems

  13. 1. Irrigation canals

  14. SUMERIAN IRRIGATION

  15. 2. For defense they built city walls of mud brick

  16. 3. Traded grain for other natural resources

  17. II. Sumerians Create City States

  18. A. One of the first groups to form a civilization ( 5 Characteristics )

  19. B. Each of the City-states was independent, had their own ruler , and surrounding farm lands

  20. C. Power of Priests

  21. 1. Theocracy is a government in which the religious leader is also the ruler

  22. 2. Priests controlled early government

  23. 3. Communicated with the gods

  24. 4. Collected taxes

  25. D. How monarchs came into leadership

  26. 1. In times of war commanders took control

  27. 2. Gradually commanders took control of standing armies

  28. 3. Eventually commanders became the full time rulers

  29. 4. Dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family

  30. E. Spread of cities

  31. 1. Contact from other peoples help create more Sumerian Cities

  32. 2. Cultural Diffusion is the process of a new idea or product from one culture to another

  33. III. Sumerian Culture

  34. A. A religion of many gods

  35. B. Polytheism the believe in many gods

  36. 1. Nature gods

  37. Reptilian Nature god

  38. Inanna Queen of Beasts

  39. 2. 3000 gods

  40. 3. gods had human characteristics

  41. 4. “Land of No Return”

  42. a. Dismal, gloomy place between earth’s crust and the ancient sea

  43. C. Epic of Gilgamesh

  44. 1. Earliest works of literature, Gilgamesh’s unsuccessful quest for immortality

  45. D. Life in Sumerian Society

  46. 1. Social classes developed

  47. a. Priest and Kings

  48. b. Merchants

  49. c. Fieldworkers majority of people

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