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U.S. National Gambling Impact and Behavior Study

U.S. National Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. Dean R. Gerstein AGRI Fifth Annual Conference The Banff Centre, April 21, 2006. Overview of the Gambling Impact & Behavior Study.

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U.S. National Gambling Impact and Behavior Study

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  1. U.S. National Gambling Impact and Behavior Study Dean R. Gerstein AGRI Fifth Annual Conference The Banff Centre, April 21, 2006

  2. Overview of the Gambling Impact & Behavior Study • U.S. National Gambling Impact Study Commission, 1997–99: commissioned an independent study of gambling behavior and impact by a research consortium • First national survey of gambling behavior and problems in a generation • Measured costs and benefits, but not a fully balanced analysis—focused on casinos, no CB ratios

  3. Gambling Impact & Behavior Data • National telephone survey: 2,417 adults • Onsite random intercept survey: 530 adult patrons, 5 types of gaming facilities • Statistical time series study: socioeconomic trends in 100 places, half near recently opened casinos • Key informant telephone surveys of 10 places near recently opened casinos

  4. New Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) • New DSM-IV-based survey module developed to diagnose pathological gamblers • Field-tests yielded strong reliability, validity • Hierarchical taxonomy • Numerous publications from original authors and other studies • Accelerated screener has been developed

  5. Taxonomy of Gamblers • Low-risk gambler: • Bet less than 5 times in life • OR never lost more than $100 • OR affirmed zero DSM-IV criteria • At-risk gambler: 1–2 criteria • Problem gambler: 3–4 criteria • Pathological gambler: 5+ criteria

  6. Measures • Survey items and time series data (as available) measured: • Illegal activity, criminal history • Family issues over gambling • Mental disorders and treatment • Job loss, bankruptcy

  7. Criminal Justice Variables

  8. Interpersonal Variables

  9. Mental Health Variables

  10. Depression and Mania

  11. Economic Variables

  12. Adverse National Population Impact: Demographics • 2½ million adult pathological gamblers (1.2%), 3 million problem (1.5%) • 15 million at risk (8%), 148 million low-risk (74%), 29 million never gambled (15%). • Pathological, problem, at-risk rates higher among African Americans • Pathological rates lower for age 65+, college grads, wealthy (hh incomes >$100K) – but college grads more at-risk

  13. National Impact: Two Other Highlights • Presence of a casino within 50 miles (versus 50 to 250 miles) is associated with roughly double the prevalence of problem and pathological gamblers • Pathological and problem gamblers are less than 3% of adults, account for roughly 15 percent of casino, lottery, and pari-mutuel receipts

  14. National Adverse Impacts: Monetized Costs • Pathological and problem gamblers in the United States cost society approximately $5 billion per year and an additional $40 billion in lifetime costs for productivity reductions, social services, and creditor losses. • Note: these calculations do not capture intrafamilial costsof divorce and family disruption associated with problem or pathological gambling.

  15. Community Impact of Casinos: Statistical Findings • In communities proximate to newly opened casinos: • Per capita bankruptcy, health indicators, violent crimes not significantly changed (nonviolent and minor crime rates could not be analyzed statistically). • Unemployment rates, welfare outlays, and unemployment insurance decline about one-seventh.

  16. Community Impact of Casinos, continued • Construction, hospitality, transportation, recreation, and amusement earnings rise, but bar, restaurant, and general merchandise earnings fall • Race tracks are vulnerable to casino competition. • There appears to be more a shift in the types and locations of work than net improvement in local standards of living.

  17. Community Impact of Casinos: Local perceptions • Community leaders widely perceive that the following increase: • Indebtedness • Youth crime, forgery and credit card theft • Domestic violence, child neglect • Problem gambling, and alcohol/drug offenses.

  18. Lessons • Use multiple data collection and analytic strategies • Sharpen the tools • Advance by increments

  19. For More Information • For the datasets, please visit: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu:8080/ ABSTRACTS/02778.xml?format=SAMHDAFor the comprehensive report, including findings, instruments, and methodology: http://purl.oclc.org/norc/dlib/ngis.htmTo contact the presenter:gersteindr@aol.com

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