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GEODESY IN ANTARCTICA: GIANT Program and Antarctic Geodesy Techniques

This article discusses the GIANT program and various geodesy techniques used in Antarctica, including GPS, VLBI, DORIS, and Absolute Gravity. It highlights the objectives, components, and ongoing strategy of the GIANT program.

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GEODESY IN ANTARCTICA: GIANT Program and Antarctic Geodesy Techniques

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  1. THE GIANT PROGRAMhttp://www.scar-ggi.org.au/geodesy/giant.htm Working Group on Geodesy and Geographic Information (WG-GGI)

  2. SCAR Antarctic Geodesy Symposia • Chile 1999 • Warsaw 2000 • St Petersburg - AGS 01 • Objectives : • mid term review of workplan • maintain group contact • assess progress and suggestnew cooperative initiatives • publish activities

  3. SCAR BACKGROUND • ISCU Body • Origin third IGY (1957) • Coordinate cooperative research • Series of specialist working groups • Geography WG formed 1958

  4. WG- GGI Background • WG renamed Geodesy and Cartography 1960 • Renamed Geodesy and Geographic Information 1988 • Structural refocussed since 1992 into a number of sub programs • Now has two major groupings plus an outreach component

  5. ANTARCTIC GEODESY TECHNIQUES Intercontinental Baseline accuracies • Astronomical fixes +/- 400 metres • Pageos (1969) +/- 10 metres • Doppler (1972) +/- 5 metres • Early GPS (1990) +/- 1-2 metres • Continuous GPS +/- centimetres

  6. WG-GGI PROGRAMS • Geodetic Infrastructure (GIANT) • Geographic Information • Outreach (web site etc)

  7. GIANT • Initially conceived 1992 as application of new space Geodesy to Antarctic mapping problems • Space technological development now enables monitoring of current surface geodynamics

  8. GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE OF ANTARCTICA (GIANT) Objectives • Geodetic framework for science • basis for homogeneous spatial data • linking isolated geodetic datums • co-location of geodetic techniques

  9. GEODETIC FRAMEWORK • Permanent GPS Base Stations • Epoch GPS Campaigns • VLBI • DORIS • Tide Gauges • Absolute Gravity

  10. Permanent Geodetic Observatories; Crustal Deformation Network; Physical Geodesy; Geodetic Control Database; Tide Gauge Data; Atmospheric Impact on GPS Observations in Antarctica; Remote Geodetic Observatories; and New Geodetic Satellite Missions Giant program components

  11. Antarctic GPS base stations • Data from Red dots available through IGS • Data from blue dots available on request from individual researchers

  12. Davis GPS and Glonass Antenna

  13. Mawson GPS Antenna

  14. Casey GPS Antenna

  15. Mawson GPS data availability

  16. Mawson CGPS time series

  17. Antarctic VLBI sites

  18. Antarctic DORIS sites • Data available from IGN or from CDDIS

  19. Absolute Gravity Sites

  20. Antarctic Tide Gauge operations • IOC web sitehttp://ioc.unesco.org/iocweb/default.htm • Southern Ocean Sea level centrehttp://www.ntf.flinders.edu.au/TEXT/PRJS/SOUTH/south.html

  21. GLONASS orbits and comparisons : IGLOS Electronic Mail • Permanent receivers at Davis, McMurdo, O’Higgins • Product access : By anonymous ftp to http://igs.ifag.de

  22. Difference between OSU91 & EGM96 Gravity Models

  23. 1989 -feasibility 1990 - pilot 1991 - CIGNET 1992 - Major Campaign 1993 Minor 1994 Minor 1995 - Major 1996 Minor 1997 - Major 1998 Minor 1999 2000 GPS EPOCH CAMPAIGNS

  24. Primary ITRF2000 Sites and Collocated Techniques

  25. Horizontal vectors from SCAR ITRF 2000 solution

  26. ITRF2000 Antarctic Velocities (m/yr)

  27. SUMMARY • GIANT provides a fiducial framework of permanent sites • Contemporary velocities at permanent and remote sites • Linkages at fiducial sites to other techniques - VLBI, Tide Gauges, Gravity • Contributions to global geodesy

  28. GIANT Ongoing Strategy • Encourage establishment of IGS stations and use of IGS procedures • Open data from base stations • Access to RINEX and SINEX results • Produce integrated solutions for ITRF densification • Official published verified results in ITRF

  29. GIANT STRATEGY • Continue as the overall linking mechanism for Antarctic Geodesy • Encourage participation in building a combined cooperative network • Use of one reference frame for positions • use of web site for meta data and information access

  30. SCAR WG-GGI Highlights • ADD • Composite Gazetteer • Map and chart catalogue • Specifications for GIS • Contribution to Global Map project • Permanent network of geodetic observatories • Global orbits and ITRF primary datum • Densification of ITRF2000 • Absolute gravity

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