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Access. Christine Johnson, Ph.D. Changing Face of America. The Degree Gap. Percent with BA or higher (2000) 28% of whites 17% of African Americans 11% of Hispanics. Rate 88.8% 68.2% 53.3%. Family Income > $74,584 $25,064-$47,405 < $25,064.
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Access Christine Johnson, Ph.D
The Degree Gap Percent with BA or higher (2000) • 28% of whites • 17% of African Americans • 11% of Hispanics
Rate 88.8% 68.2% 53.3% Family Income > $74,584 $25,064-$47,405 < $25,064 Relationship of Income to College Access
High Skilled & Unskilled Jobs as a % of the Workforce, 2000 to 2012 Societal Change Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Projected Growth in Supply and Demand of Workers With Some Postsecondary Education, 1998 to 2028 Education Required Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau and National Alliance of Business
America’s Future at Stake • 75% of new jobs require some post-secondary education. • Only 35% of Americans (25-34) have 2 or more years post-secondary education. • -Source: 2000 dataNational Information Center for Higher Ed.
Accountability Again • More focus on success of students—not just access • Evidence of student learning will be required by accrediting agencies, states, and federal government • Colleges will move toward a culture of evidence and use of data
More Focus on K-12 Transitions • Expectations for HE need to be made clear • Transitions need to be improved • League’s CCTI • GEAR-UP • Concurrent enrollment • Middle College HS
Access is not enough – must be ACCESS and SUCCESS
“The crucial issue is “attending vs. not attending college.” • The mere fact of attending college may be more important than where one goes.” (Ernest T. Pascarella and Patrick T. Terenzini) • (3 decades of research and most extensive study of how college changes people found unequivocally that increased factual knowledge and intellectual skills; changes in values and attitudes, principled reasoning to judge moral issues; and life choices that impact lifestyles and nature of their children’s lives)
ACCESS ISSUES • Affordability; preparation; guidance and counseling; 2 to 4 year transfers; transfer of low income/minority at lower rate than middle income and white students; quality of learning experience; alignment across education sectors; • Agreement about what students ought to be learning (curriculum/standards); shared student information across sectors
Recommendations: • Developing methods to assess learning gains and college added-value • Evaluating use of student success data to drive institutional change • Documenting student involvement in college (involvement raises retention/graduation) • Tracking academic proficiency and reporting progress
Recommendations: • Financial incentives to shift from enrollment driven institutions to success driven institutions with low income/first generation student populations • Two to four year transfer of low income and underserved students as institutional and state strategic priorities • Shift from “cost” to “investment” mindset