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Exploring Characteristics of Vertebrates and Key Concepts in Chordata

Discover the common characteristics shared by all vertebrates, such as tail, hollow nerve cord, notochord, and pharyngeal slits. The phylum Chordata encompasses both vertebrates and certain invertebrates, with distinct features like the endoskeleton and unique classes. Learn about Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Mammalia, and Aves. Explore the significance of features like feathers, four limbs, jaws, hair, and vertebrae in vertebrate evolution. Uncover fossil evidence revealing the origins of vertebrates and their closest relatives, the Tunicates.

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Exploring Characteristics of Vertebrates and Key Concepts in Chordata

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  1. KEY CONCEPT All vertebrates share common characteristics.

  2. tail hollow nerve cord notochord pharyngeal slits The phylum Chordata contains all vertebrates and some invertebrates. • Chordates share four features at some stage of development. • notochord • hollow nerve cord • pharyngeal slits • tail

  3. tail hollow nerve cord notochord pharyngeal slits • Most chordates lose some or all of these characteristics in adulthood.

  4. All vertebrates share common features. • An endoskeleton allows vertebrates to grow to large sizes. • internal • made of bone or cartilage

  5. An endoskeleton can be divided into four parts. • braincase (cranium) braincase • vertebrae • bones • gill arches (in fish and some amphibians) vertebrae bones

  6. There are seven classes of vertebrates. • Agnatha are jawless fish. • Cartilaginous and bony fish are characterized by the presence of jaws. • Amphibians are characterized by the presence of four limbs. • Reptiles, birds, and mammals are characterized by the presence of an amnion. • Birds are characterized by the presence of feathers. • Mammals are characterized by the presence of hair.

  7. Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Mammalia Aves bony fish birds lamprey amphibians mammals cartilaginous fish FEATHERS Feathers insulate birds from the cold and allow for flight. FOUR LIMBS Four limbs let animals move from the water to life on land. JAWS Jaws helped vertebrates to become successful predators. HAIR Hair helps mammals to maintain constant body temperatures by roviding insulation from the cold. VERTEBRAE Vertebrates have a segmented backbone.

  8. Fossil evidence sheds light on the origins of vertebrates. • Tunicates may be the closest relatives to vertebrates. • The first recognizable vertebrates were jawless fish. • Two groups of jawless fish still exist today. • lampreys • hagfish

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