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Foundations 8000bce-600ce

Foundations 8000bce-600ce. Nathanael Paulus Alvin Yi Rachel Cross Micaela Stewart Gregory Burr Kaylin Mendoza. Periods. Mesopotamian Society African Society South Asian Society East Asian Society American Society Greek and Roman Society. Mesopotamian Societies. Early Societies

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Foundations 8000bce-600ce

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  1. Foundations8000bce-600ce Nathanael Paulus Alvin Yi Rachel Cross Micaela Stewart Gregory Burr Kaylin Mendoza

  2. Periods • Mesopotamian Society • African Society • South Asian Society • East Asian Society • American Society • Greek and Roman Society

  3. Mesopotamian Societies • Early Societies • City States • Social Classes • Law Codes (Hammurabi) • Iron and Bronze • Kings and Nobles • Patriarchal System (Men head of household)

  4. Politics • Phoenicians • Sargon of Akkad • Began career as a minister to the king of Kish • Controlled trade routes of raw materials • Made his Capital wealthiest city in the world • Reigned from 2370 BCE to 2315 BCE • Hammurabi • Centralized bureaucracy and regulated taxes • Invented Law Code: Hammurabi’s Code • LexTalionis • Reigned from 1792 BCE to 1750 BCE • Assyrian Empire • Strengthened their armies • Created new Administering Techniques • New Babylon • Nebuchadnezzar • Reigned from 605 BCE to 562 BCE • Moved capital to Babylon • Built large city walls • Wide enough for a four horse chariot to turn around on • Constructed Hanging Gardens

  5. Economy • Interregional trade • Irrigation • Later, the silk roads introduced trade with regions unknown to previous societies

  6. Religion • Zoroastrianism • Manichaeism • Judaism • Later: • Christianity • Buddhism

  7. Social • Migrations • Semitic • Palistinian • Hittites • Indo-Europian • East and West and South • Patriarchal Society due to Hammurabi • Women under men

  8. Intellectual • Bronze • More advanced tools and weapons • Iron • More advanced tools and weapons • The wheel • Allowed for chariots and carts to lighter workload • Shipbuilding • Allowed interregional trade over water • Trade Networks • Allowed interregional trade with other nations over land

  9. Writing • Cuneiform • Wedges in clay to represent letters and words • Mathematics • Influenced agriculture and science alike • Epic of Gilgamesh • Man’s place in this world • Alphabet • Phoenician writing • Indo-European Languages • Sanskrit, Old Persian, Greek, Latin

  10. African Societies • Centralized government • Imperial Expansion • Patriarchal • Several Writing Systems • Hieroglyphic, hieratic, demotic, Coptic • Organized religion • Polytheistic

  11. Politics • Egypt and Nubia • Strongly influenced each other in politics, economy, and intellectuality • Kingdom of Kush • Pharaohs sent campaigns to Nubia • Destroyed Nubian forces • Took control of Lower Nubia • The Old Kingdom • Constructed pyramids as royal tombs • Largest is Pyramid of Khufu • The Middle Kingdom • High agricultural productivity • Pharaohs regained power • Supervised relations with Nubians • The New Kingdom • Prosperous and Productive • Separate offices for politics, economy, agriculture, and foreign affairs • Hyksos • “Foreign Rulers” • Pressured the Egyptians

  12. Economy • Climate Change • Effected agriculture • Nile River as a Resource • Allowed for irrigation in later years • Made land furtile • Trade with Nubia • Controlled and observed carefully • Bantu • Bananas

  13. Religion • Egypt • Amon and Re • Both Sun gods • Aten • Chiseled the names of Amon and Re out and replaced with Aten • Cult of Osiris • Osiris murdered by brother • Spread around Egypt then wife found parts and gave proper buriel • Other Regions • Polytheistic • Mummification

  14. Social • Migrations • Bantu • Brought iron, bananas, and cultures with them into Subsaharan Africa • Patriarchal

  15. Intellectual • Bronze and Iron • Ships traveled along Nile • Traded with Nubia • Hieroglyphics • Meriotic Writing

  16. South Asia • Regional States • Caste System • Distinctive Religious Beliefs • Rich Literary Traditions • High Trade with other countries • Organized Religion

  17. Politics • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • Two major cities • Aryans • Stronger Indo-European Migrants • Principalities • Mauryan • Gupta

  18. Economy • Towns • Specialized Labor • Trade with other Regions • Guilds • Manufacturing • Trade: Silk, Cotton, Elephants

  19. Religions • Polytheistic • Caste System • Brahman • Teaching of the Upanishads • Ritual Sacrifices • Jainism • Buddhism • Hinduism

  20. Social • Caste System • Low social mobility • Migrations • Aryan • Patriarchal

  21. Intellectual • Philosophy • Technologies • Iron • silk

  22. Artistic • Statues • Paintings • Murals • Metal Crafting • Marble Sculptures

  23. East Asian Societies • Mandate of Heaven • Writing • Extended families • Classes • Centralized Bureaucracy • Prosperous economy

  24. Politics • Xia Dynasty about 2200BCE • Shang Dynasty 1766 to 1122 BCE • Zhou Dynasty 1122BCE to 256 BCE • Confucian schools of thought • Legalism • Qin Dynasty about 400-300 • Han Dynasty 206BCE-220CE • Yellow Turban Rebellion in late 2nd century CE

  25. Economy • Cultivated Crops • Yellow River as Resource • Specialized labor • Iron Metallurgy • Merchants • Silk • Paper

  26. Religion • Ancestry • Daoism • Legalism • Confucian Doctrines • Mencius and Xunzi • Scholars of Confucian Ideals

  27. Social • Migrants from Steppes • Patriarchal • Unstable • Confucian Ideas and Values • Doctrine of Wuwei • Ancestral Worship • Social Order • Ruling Elite • Laborers • Merchants • Peasants • Slaves

  28. Intellectual • Bronze metallurgy • Horse drawn chariots • Zhou literature • Destruction of Early Chinese Literature • Book of Songs • Legalist Ideas • Standardized Script

  29. Artistic • Metal Sculptures • Writing is artistic • Wood Carvings

  30. American and Oceanic Societies • Elaborate Ceremonial Sites • Rich Artistic Legacy • Developed Sophisticated Knowledges • Well-integrated Society • Traded for goods

  31. Politics • Olmecs • Maya • Teothuacan • Andean • Mochica • Australian Society

  32. Economy • Early on • Gathering • Later • cultivation • Rubber trade

  33. Religion • Human Sacrificing • Blood Letting Rituals • Over 80 Ceremonial sites

  34. Intellectual • Calendar • Absolute Zero • Maya Writing • Austronomy

  35. Greek and Roman • Greek • Democracy • Hundreds of cities • Contributions in literature and art • Philosophy • Socrates, Plato, Etc. • Roman • Republic • Elaborate Transportation • New Cities • Humanism

  36. Politics • Greek • Democracy • Alexander of Macedon • Persian Wars • Athens/Sparta • Roman • Romulus and Remus • Patrician vs. Plebian • Punic Wars • Augustus

  37. Economic • Greek • A lot of merchants and trade • Traded with Mediterranean basin • Roman • Commercial Agriculure • Trade with Mediterranean • Controlled Mediterranean trade

  38. Religion • Greek • Polytheistic religion • Greek Mythology • Roman • Humanistic • Religions of Salvation • Mithraism

  39. Social • Greek • People had a say in government • Common literacy • Family Importance • Roman • Slavery • Social change

  40. Intellectual • Greek • Philosophy • Olympic games • Roman • Aqueducts • Law • Roads

  41. Artistic • Greek • Sculptures of People • Columns • Pottery • Arches • Roman • Reliefs • Sculptures of Heros • Pillars • Paintings

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