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In conclusion …. What have we learned about the Romanisation of Britain, and what impact did it have on daily lives? What do the physical and literary evidence reveal about that process?. What happened to the Roman empire?.
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In conclusion … • What have we learned about the Romanisation of Britain, and what impact did it have on daily lives? • What do the physical and literary evidence reveal about that process?
What happened to the Roman empire? • By 410 CE, Rome abandoned Britain. By 476, the empire came to an end. • Invading northern armies (Celts, Germans, Huns, etc.), the Christianization of the empire and a breakdown in social order all contributed to the collapse • “Everyone aimed at security: no one accepted responsibility. What was plainly lacking, long before the barbarian invasions had done their work, long before economic dislocations became serious, was an inner ‘go.’ Rome’s life was now an imitation of life: a mere holding on” (L. Mumford, The Condition of Man [NY: 1981], p. 81).
How does this evidence help us understand the process of Romanisation – the spread of Romanitas – and the meaning of empire? Essay 2 Assignment How do the literature, scholarship and archaeological remains help us understand the daily lives of the inhabitants of Roman Britain? • 800-900 words (3-4 pages), 1" margins, 12-pt. type, double-spaced, paginated • DUE: Friday, noon as an attachment
ChecklistPart 1 • primary sources: material culture from Bath,Londinium, BM; literary evidence • secondary sources: Shotter, Matz, wall texts • proper citations • “Romanisation was a gradual process” (Shotter 49). • Romanization did not occur instantly, but evolved at a different pace in each province based upon local and imperial circumstances (Matz 50-51). • The temple of Sulis Minerva is one of only two classical temples in Roman Britain (www.romanbaths.co.uk/ walkthrough/4_temple/the_roman_temple.aspx, accessed 04.10.10).
Use on-line resources!!! • Museum of London (251 objects): • www.museumoflondonprints.com/category.php?catid=52 • Bath (note the search engine): • www.romanbaths.co.uk/explore.aspx • British Museum (20/100’s of objects): • www.britishmuseum.org/explore/galleries/europe/room_49_roman_britain.aspx • www.britishmuseum.org/explore/galleries/ancient_greece_and_rome/room_69_greek_and_roman_life.aspx
Cite the material evidence: example Roman London, or Londinium, included a temple of Mithras, constructed in the 3rd century CE (Relief sculpture of Mithras, 3rd c. CE: Museum of London, www.museumoflondonprints.com/image. php?id=61349&idx=32&fromsearch =true, accessed 4.10.10).
Use the literary and scholarly evidence:examples • Literary: • Tacitus’ sympathetic portrait of his father-in-law Agricola renders his enemies, the Britons, as dangerous and uncivilized (Tac. Agricola 16 in LSRB p. 14). • Scholarly: • Matz argues that the Roman attitude towards Britain evolved from hostility to an engaged imperial benevolence as successive emperors grew to realize the value of the island (Matz 17-19). • By the middle of the 2nd century CE, Roman military forces withdrew behind Hadrian’s wall and consequently abandoned the one constructed by Antoninus Pius (Shotter 53).
ChecklistPart 2 • focus • organization & structure • proper citations • transitions and flow • speling, CaPItaLiZAtion, possessive’s • grammar – for example: • noun/pronoun agreement: “Rome imposed an empire on the peoples they conquered. They did so quickly and efficiently.” • misplaced modifier: “Having conquered southwest Britain, communities like AquaeSulis and Londinium flourished.” • sentence fragments: “Even though Roman soldiers had access to foodstuffs from all parts of the empire.” • proofread, proofread, proofread. For example …,
For your consideration Skidmore Guide to Writing For fun cms.skidmore.edu/writing_guide www.romanbaths.co.uk/tours/GreatBath.html
Finally, Academic Integrity Skidmore prizes highly intellectual creativity and honesty and that includes both taking ownership of and responsibility for one’s own work and acknowledging the work of others. Thus … Include the Skidmore Honor Code & e-signature on your paper I hereby accept membership in the Skidmore College community and, with full realization of the responsibilities inherent in membership, do agree to adhere to honesty and integrity in all relationships, to be considerate of the rights of others, and to abide by the College regulations.
Midterm exam • 2-hour in-class exam, 11.30am-1.30pm, Monday • essay exam: questions might deal with Athens, Rome, or a comparison. • how to prepare: • review the notes you’ve taken on the readings and the notes you’ve taken in class • anticipate the exam by setting yourself a question and then trying to answer it • write up a few outlines of how you’d answer such a question • what do you think would be good questions to ask?