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The Discovery of the Cell: Unveiling the World of Microscopic Life

Discover how the invention of the microscope in the 17th century led to the groundbreaking discovery of the cell. Explore the cell theory, cell diversity, internal organization, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Learn about the parts of all cells and delve into the unique features of plant cells.

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The Discovery of the Cell: Unveiling the World of Microscopic Life

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  1. Cells

  2. Discovery of the Cell We could not have discovered the cell without the invention of the microscope in the 17th century

  3. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) • Used a microscope to examine cork, trees carrots, and ferns. • He saw little boxes that he compared to the rooms that monks live in: cells.

  4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe live cells.

  5. The Cell Theory: • All living things are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms • Cells come from other cells

  6. Cell Diversity

  7. Size • A nerve cell can extend all the ways down a giraffe’s leg. • Most cells are not visible without a microscope

  8. Shape • cells have a variety of shapes • Nerve cells have long extensions, skin cells are flat, and white blood cells can change their shape

  9. Internal Organization • Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that can be compared to our organs. • All cells have a cell membrane and genetic information called DNA (called chromosomes when compacted)

  10. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic • Prokaryotic cells: have a membrane and DNA only. THEY HAVE NO nucleus or organelles. EXAMPLE: Bacteria • Eukaryotic cells: have a membrane, DNA, and organelles. EXAMPLE: plant, animal, fungi, and protist cells

  11. Parts of all cells • Cell membrane: surrounds and protects the cell and selectively allows nutrients in and waste out • (present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

  12. Chromosomes • Compact DNA • present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  13. Organelles • Found in Eukaryotic Cells only!

  14. Nucleus Stores hereditary information called DNA. Synthesizes (makes) RNA and ribosomes.

  15. Mitochondria • Transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP (energy) Muscle cell Tumor cell

  16. Ribosomes • Organizes the synthesis of proteins • found in cytoplasm and on Rough ER

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum prepares proteins for export • Rough-packages proteins • Smooth-makes steroids

  18. Golgi Apparatus • Processes and packages substances made by cell.

  19. Lysosome • digests waste (old molecules, organelles, and foreign substance)

  20. Cilia • short hair-like structures on the outside of the cell present in large numbers that assist in movement. • Example: in respiratory system to keep out foreign particles

  21. Flagella • long hair-like structures that whip back and forth to propel the cell forward. • Example: sperm cell

  22. PLANT CELLS ONLY

  23. Cell Wall • supports and protects (plant cells only)

  24. Chloroplast • use energy from the sun and convert it into energy. (plant cells only)

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