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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Teacher Version. The Circulatory System. Nutrients go into our blood stream by means of the small intestine Oxygen gets into our blood stream by means of the alveoli How do these important “things” travel throughout our body? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!. What is Blood?.

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System Teacher Version

  2. The Circulatory System • Nutrients go into our blood stream by means of the small intestine • Oxygen gets into our blood stream by means of the alveoli • How do these important “things” travel throughout our body? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!

  3. What is Blood? • Blood is a fluid that carries all of the body substances (nutrients, oxygen etc.) • On average a person will have 6 litres of blood. • Blood is made up two parts: - Cell Parts (45%) -Fluid Part (55%)

  4. Blood Cells • There are three types of blood cells: • Red Blood Cells 2. White Blood cells 3. Platelets Each have their own unique structure and function in blood

  5. Red Blood Cells • Red Blood cells (RBC) Description: round and caved in the centre (concave). They do NOT contain a nucleus, unlike most cells. They are made in the bone marrow of large bones. Live for about 120 days. Function: They carry the Oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

  6. White Blood Cells • White Blood Cells (WBC) Description: They are larger than RBC and have an unnatural shape. They contain a nucleus (darkened spot). They are made in the bone marrow and the lymph nodes. Function: To protect the body against foreign particles by engulfing them

  7. White Blood Cell Red Blood Cell

  8. Platelets • Platelets Description: Much much smaller than WBC or RBC. They are pieces of cells and have a random shape. Function: To help the blood clot (making scabs) in the case of a cut.

  9. Hemoglobin Red Blood Cells contain a pigment called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the structure inside the red blood cell that binds the oxygen or carbon dioxide. Remember that carbon monoxide binds more strongly than oxygen making it a very lethal gas.

  10. The Heart • The heart is responsible for pumping the blood throughout the body. • The heart consists of 4 chambers - 2 atria (singular atrium) -2 Ventricles The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood while the left side carries oxygenated blood.

  11. Flow of blood through the Heart Deoxygenated Blood: Blood returning from the body cells (carrying CO2) enters the heart through a large vein, VENA CAVA. From there the blood fills the right atrium, the blood will then flow past a valve into the right ventricle. From here the blood will flow into the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

  12. In the LUNGS • In the lung gas exchange occurs. The CO2 from the deoxygenated blood enters the alveoli and is breathed out. O2 from the air we breathe in enters the blood, the blood is now considered oxygenated.

  13. Oxygenated Blood • Oxygenated blood returns to the heart by the pulmonary vein. It enters the Left atrium and then flows past the valve into the left ventricle. From here blood will pump into the largest artery in the body the AORTA. From here the blood goes to all cells of the body giving off the O2 and picks up the CO2. The cycle continues.

  14. Aorta Vena Cava Right Atrium Left Ventricle Lungs Body LUNG Right Ventricle Left Atrium Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein

  15. Parts of the Heart • The major parts of the heart include: -Left and right Atria -Left and Right ventricle -Pulmonary artery (deoxy to lungs) -Pulmonary vein (oxy from lungs) -Vena Cava (from body) -Aorta (to body)

  16. Arteries vs Veins • Blood travels through a series of blood vessels. There are two major types of vessels, arteries and veins. • Some of the largest arteries and veins in the body are located in and around the heart. • The Vena Cava is the largest vein • The Aorta is the largest artery

  17. Arteries • All arteries carry blood away from the heart. The majority of arteries carry blood rich in oxygen (oxygenated blood). • The exception is the pulmonary artery which carries blood away from the heart to the lung. • The blood flowing through this artery is deoxygenated.

  18. Veins • Veins always carry blood towards the heart. The majority of veins carry blood rich in CO2 (deoxygenated blood). • The exception is the pulmonary vein which carries blood from the lungs back to the heart. • This vein carries oxygenated blood. • Veins have valves to avoid backflow of blood as they move towards the heart

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