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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Most diverse kingdom. Characteristics. Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) Unicellular/ Multicellular Autotrophic/Heterotrophic Can be Animal-like, Plant-like, and Fungus-like First Eukaryotes on planet (Name in Greek means ‘the very first’)

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista Most diverse kingdom

  2. Characteristics • Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) • Unicellular/ Multicellular • Autotrophic/Heterotrophic • Can be Animal-like, Plant-like, and Fungus-like • First Eukaryotes on planet (Name in Greek means ‘the very first’) • May reproduce using binary fission, conjugation, or sexual reproduction.

  3. Animal-like Protists – Protozoans(Zoa = Animal) • They feed on other organisms or dead matter (heterotrophs). • Protozoans consists of Ciliates, Flagellates, Sporozoa, and Sarcodina.

  4. Ciliates • Ciliates use cilia for movement and feeding. • Found in freshwater and seawater • They are free-living • Phylum: Ciliophora • Example: Paramecium • Reproduce asexually through mitosis or ‘sexually’ through conjugation. • They can use contractile vacuoles to control water flow.

  5. Flagellates • Flagellates use flagella to move. • Phylum Zoomastigina • They absorb nutrients from the cell membrane. • Found in lakes and streams; some live in the bodies of other organisms • Example: Trichonympha (live in the stomachs of termites) • Helps termites break down cellulose that is found in the wood. • Trypanosoma is a parasite that causes sleeping sickness (Get from the bite of a tsetse fly)

  6. Sporozoa • Sporozoa are non mobile. • These are parasitic and produce spores. • Some are free living, some are parasites. • Reproduce by sporozoites. • Example: Plasmodiumwhich causes malaria in humans. It is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito.

  7. Sarcodina • Sarcodina use pseudopodia (false feet) for feeding and movement. • Their movements are called ameboid movements. • Found in freshwater, oceans and some in soil. • Phylum Sarcodina • Reproduction through mitosis • They can capture and digest food in food vacuoles; • A few are parasitic – Entamoeba hystolitica (causes dysentery) • Example: Amoeba • Foraminiferans – shells of calcium carbonate formchalk deposits on the ocean floor – Cliffs of Dover

  8. Magnification: x65

  9. Plant-like Protists • They make their food by photosynthesis (autotrophs). • All are water dwellers – most found near the water’s surface. (??) • From microscopic (diatoms) to large, multicellular forms such as kelp. • Cells are eukaryotic. • Some move by flagella while others are non-motile.

  10. Euglenophyta • Example: Euglena • They are plant-like (have chloroplasts), but move around with flagella (animal-like). • Both autotrophic and heterotrophic. • Eyespot helps Euglena detect light.

  11. (eyespot)

  12. Algae are classified into 5 groups according • to the pigments they contain. • The pigments give the algae their characteristic • color. • Despite the pigments, all algae have chlorophyll. Chrysophyta: (Golden algae) Example:Synura Primarily found in freshwater. Have pigments that give them a yellow, golden color. Some can form algal blooms that can kill fish.

  13. 2. Bacillariophyta Example: Diatoms

  14. Unicellular • Cell walls are made of silica • Store food in the form of oils. • Used to make toothpaste and metal polish. • When they die, their shells accumulate on the • ocean floor to form diatomaceous earth.

  15. Pyrrophyta: (fire protists) are luminescent and glow. Sometimes look like a fire smoldering in the water.

  16. Example: Dinoflagellates Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tide which release poisons that kill thousands of fish.

  17. Rhodophyta: Red algae Example: Seaweed • Found in marine and some in fresh water. • Can absorb blue light which penetrates water more deeply – therefore red algae grow deeper under the ocean.

  18. Phaeophyta: Brown algae • Example: Kelp

  19. Kelp has air-filled structures called air bladders that help keep the photosynthetic parts of the algae near the water’s surface. • Used by humans for food, cosmetics.

  20. Chlorophyta: Green algae • Example: Chlamydomonas ,Volvox(live as a colony), Spirogyra

  21. Most diverse of all the alga. • Some single celled, others are multicellular • Contain the same pigments that are found in plants. • Phytoplankton is a huge group of producers in the • Marine food web. • Produce O2

  22. Fungus-like Protists • All are heterotrophic • Recyclers of organic matter/rotting (saprophytic) • Example: Slime Molds and Water Molds • Some are parasites and can infest crops for example potato famine caused by potato blight

  23. Dog vomit slime Red raspberry slime

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