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Medieval Kingdoms in Europe

Medieval Kingdoms in Europe. 2017-2018 Ch 10, p. 225 Old chp 4. Ch 10.1 Vocab. Feudalism Vassal Knight Fief Feudal contract Chivalry Enabled Contract.

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Medieval Kingdoms in Europe

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  1. Medieval Kingdoms in Europe 2017-2018 Ch 10, p. 225 Old chp 4

  2. Ch 10.1 Vocab • Feudalism • Vassal • Knight • Fief • Feudal contract • Chivalry • Enabled • Contract

  3. The year before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned his only living son Louis the Pious, emperor. Louis the Pious was a devoutly religious man an ineffective ruler. He left 3 sons, Lothair, Charles the Bald and Louis the German. They fought one another for control of the empire. Louis the pious Lothair Charles the bald Louis the German

  4. The three sons of Louis the Pious fought one another for control of the Empire. In 843, the brothers signed the Treaty of Verdun, dividing the empire into three kingdoms. As a result, the Carolingian kings lost power and central authority broke down. The lack of strong rulers led to a new system of government and landholding-feudalism.

  5. Fall of Carolingian Empire • Centralized Gov’t. falls apart b/c: • Divisions after Charlemagne’s death • Viking invasions

  6. Death of Charlemagne • Carolingian Empire divided into 3 territories • Fought over by Charlemagne’s grandsons • Vikings attack! • Excellent shipbuilders/sailors • Strong warriors, BERZERKer mode • The Franks developed a policy of settling Vikings and converting them to Christianity-they then became a part of European civilization. Local nobles gained power throughout the various conflicts

  7. Development of Feudalism Due to frequent invasions the people began to depend on local nobles to protect them. To survive it became necessary to find a powerful lord who could offer protection in return for service. This political system is called feudalism. • Inability of rulers to defend subjects • Vassalage and knighthood • Feudal contracts

  8. At the heart of feudalism was vassalage, which meant warriors swore loyalty to a lord, who in turn took care of their needs. In exchange for military protection and other services, a lord, or landowner, granted land called a fief. The person receiving a fief was called a vassal.The vassal was a man who also served a lord in a military capacity. The most important gift a lord could give a vassal a piece of land. The feudal contract was the set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between lord and vassal.

  9. Knights were heavily armored cavalry soldiers who pledged to defend their lords' lands in exchange for fiefs.

  10. Knights were expected to display courage in battle and loyalty to their lord. By the 1100s, the code of chivalry, was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold, and demanded that knights fight bravely in defense of three masters. He devoted himself to: • His earthly feudal lord • His heavenly Lord • His chosen lady The code of chivalry was developed to stop the constant, brutal fighting among nobles. (honored guest) The chivalrous knight also protected the weak and the poor. The ideal knight was loyal, brave, and courteous.

  11. Although women could legally hold property, most remained under the control of men - of their fathers until they married and of their husbands after they married. Still, aristocratic women had many opportunities to play important roles. Because the lord was often away at court or war, the lady of the castle had to manage the estate. Households could include large numbers of officials and servants, so this was no small responsibility. The lady of the castle was also responsible for overseeing the food supply and maintaining all the other supplies needed for the smooth operation of the household.

  12. Eleanor of Aquitaine Did not follow the rule that a wife should be subservient to their husband. She married King Louis VII of France at 15, he had their marriage annulled. She married Duke Henry of Normandy 8 weeks later, he became King Henry II of England. They had 8 kids. 5 sons-two who went on to be kings on England. (Richard and John.

  13. Structure of Feudalism • Local lords were chief political, social, and economic authorities • Warriors (incl. knights) were required to pledge loyalty • In return, warriors received land, food and safety • Multiple landholders ruling the land…instead of a centralized gov’t.

  14. Think-Pair-Share! • How did the introduction of larger horses lead to the use of heavily armored knights? OR • What were some of the ideals of chivalry?

  15. Ch 10.1 Discussion & Review • The Medieval European relationship btwn lords and vassals is called… • Describe the traits of a chivalrous knight. • Why was feudalism developed?

  16. Ch 10.1 Discussion & Review • The Medieval European relationship btwn lords and vassals is called… • Feudalism • Describe the traits of a chivalrous knight. • courtesy, fairness, piety, & devotion to honor • Why was feudalism developed? • Loss of centralized power

  17. Peasants, Trade & Cities! Ch 10.2, p. 232

  18. Feudal Society • What kind of protection would lords be able to offer to peasants?

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg&feature=plcp

  20. Ch 10.2 Vocab • Carruca • Manor • Serf • Bourgeoisie • Patrician

  21. Population Explosion Almost doubles (38-74 million) Why? • Relative peacefulness-fewer wars • Better climate led to more production • New Farming methods • Inventions-horse shoe and collar

  22. Agriculture Technology • New methods(labor saving devices-gave way to greater production) • Wind and water tech, reducing human/animal labor • Carruca-Heavy 6-8 ox-drawn, wheeled plow w/ iron plowshare. Allowed turning of heavier soil and large-scale coop farming, but very expensive so entire an community would purchase and share plow/animals.

  23. Increased efficiency in land use • Three-field system instead of two-field

  24. Manorial System • Manors-An estate owned by a lord and farmed by peasants, most of whom were serfs • Peasants -Lived in simple cottages, worked land for nobles, paid rent by giving a share of all they raised, grew, killed etc., subject to nobles’ control. Season of the year dictated what activity most would be engaged in. • Serfs (indentured servants) same as peasants except-bound to the land. (no leave!!)

  25. Query • In what way was manor life an economic system? • What do seasons have to do with anything a peasant or serf would be doing?

  26. In what way was manor life an economic system? • Exchange of goods and services • Lord provides land & protection • Peasants provide labor and share of crops • What do seasons have to do with anything a peasant or serf would be doing? Harvesting, planting, working the ground, slaughter etc.

  27. Growth of Trade • Money and rise of capitalism! • Economy based on gold and silver, rather than barter , Investment for profit begins • Centers of trade • Venice & the Mediterranean: cloth, swords, silks, sugar & spice • Flanders: wool, furs, tins, hemp, honey • Hanseatic League->100 cities in the Baltic Sea and North Sea areas banded together for mutual protection/trade

  28. Growth of Trade • Revival of trade routes • Revitalization and growth of cities • Expansion of merchant & artisan classes • Increase in manufacturing & consumption of goods • Increase in TAXES, money & banking • Settlements near castles=protection

  29. Urbanization • Revival of old Roman cities • Freedom from Lords-could buy land from Lord • bourgeoisie-merchants who had settlements surrounded by walls , unsanitary, lots of men. Stinky, air/water pollution, • Industry/guilds (quality control ) set every aspect of production, quality, price, apprentice, journeyman, master.

  30. Townsppl Gain Power • Ruling class sell liberties to ppl who could pay • Unique laws • Right to buy/sell prop. • Freedom from military service to lord • Personal freedom • Escaped serfs who lived in the town received freedom if evaded lord for a year and one day

  31. Think-Pair-Share • What events during the Middle Ages led to a growth of cities? OR • How did new farming methods benefit Europe in the Middle Ages?

  32. Major Changes in Europe • Growth in population • Stability achieved by manorial system • Revival of trade • Explosion of cities  some become very strong

  33. Town Charters • Disparity in power btwn state and towns • Nobles decide to grant charters to keep towns under control • Some last for hundreds of years

  34. Ch 10.2 Discussion & Review • What is the vocab word for a heavy wheeled plow w/ an iron plowshare? • Carruca • What was a long term result of ppl living in walled cities? • Basic freedoms for sale • How did the Hanseatic League benefit Northern Europe? • Protecting trade and promoting economic dev.

  35. Growth of Euro Kingdomsaka prepare for a random assortment of cultures from the Middle Ages Ch 10.3, p. 237

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