Manure Management Implementation by US Farmers

1. Mr. Ben Puck Puck Custom Enterprises Inc. Iowa Manure Management Implementation by US Farmers

2. 1970 – December 2 – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established. The agency consolidated federal research, monitoring and enforcement activities in a single agency. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline

3. US Farmer’s Timeline • : Manure is: • Hauled Daily • Stockpiled • No liquid management (runs off)

4. 1970 – December 31 – Clean Air Act authorized 1972- Clean Water Act, Section 502 – identified “feedlots” as point sources 1976 – EPA created definitions for AFO and CAFO for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System process AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline(continued)

5. US Farmer’s Timeline • -1990: • Beginning of Liquid Storage: • Collection Basin • Under Barn Storage

6. 1990: How are the nutrients utilized? Large amounts broadcasted Small amount incorporated Minimal responsibility for stewardship Nutrient value mostly ignored US Farmer’s Timeline

7. US Farmer’s Timeline 1990: Production Agriculture Grows 1994: Larger Facilities – 1000 head finishing barns

8. US Farmer’s Timeline 1990: Land Application: Majority is Broadcast: Odor and Runoff are Issues

9. 1998 – February – Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP) Blueprint for restoring and protecting water quality across the nation Directed development of a USDA/EPA unified national strategy for AFOs AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline(continued)

10. March 1999 – Unified National Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations – joint report by USDA and EPA released Established National Performance Expectation All AFO Owners/Operators To Develop and Implement A CNMP Defined six elements of a CNMP Feed Management - Land Management Manure Handling and Storage - Record Keeping Land Application of Manure - Other Utilization Options AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline

11. Iowa DNR ( Department of Natural Resources ) Iowa Legislature ( State Government ) Iowa Commercial Nutrient Applicators Association(ICNAA) Regulation Implemented

12. Regulatory Training Required • Iowa legislature requires 3 hours of annual training • DNR License required to apply manure • Enforcement Policies adopted • CNMP introduced • Guideline Application Rates suggested • Record Keeping Required

13. Manure is now a Nutrient US Farmer’s Timeline • Odor issues are discussed • Separation distances are enforced • Incorporation is being practiced • Incorporation allows separation distances to be reduced • Commercial Fertilizer costs increasing • Manure Viewed as best source of Fertilizer

14. 2003 – EPA regulation for CAFO permitting revised All CAFOs must apply for NPDES permit Included all poultry operations All CAFOs must develop and implement a nutrient management plan (NMP) Regulations were challenged in court by producers AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline(continued)

15. 2003-2015: Integrators continue to expand Concentrations of sites and animal numbers continue to grow US Farmer’s Timeline

16. 2003-2015: Manure as a Nutrient Measured & Quantified to follow NMP Majority is Incorporated into the soil Bought & Sold as fertilizer Large reductions in Odor & Runoff Issues US Farmer’s Timeline

17. CNMP Plans are successful If everyone's needs are meet Water quality is maintained Odor is controlled Nutrients are utilized Infrastructure is preserved

18. Thank you • Questions?