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Fighting a Cold war

Fighting a Cold war. 19-2 . What was the Truman Doctrine? Why was it issued? . Kennan (former diplomat to USSR) thought USSR believed Western powers wanted to surround & dis -empower them Recommended using long-range policies to patiently limit the expansion of their power

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Fighting a Cold war

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  1. Fighting a Cold war 19-2

  2. What was the Truman Doctrine? Why was it issued? • Kennan (former diplomat to USSR) thought USSR believed Western powers wanted to surround & dis-empower them • Recommended using long-range policies to patiently limit the expansion of their power • Recommended Containment • Since eastern Europe already lost to communism, US should try to prevent spread of communism to other countries • Some thought too moderate

  3. What led to the Truman Doctrine? What was it? Why was it significant? • Due to economic problems Britain pulled support from Greece • Turkey also needed aid • Created crisis (USSR could enter this vacuum) • Truman Doctrine- US should be support “free people who are resisting subjugation” • Asked congress to approve economic and military aid to Greece & Turkey.

  4. What led to the Marshall Plan? What was it? Effects of the plan? • Secretary of State Marshall told European countries (including USSR) to develop an economic recovery plan & the US would help to fund it • Representatives came up w/ plan (USSR dn participate) • Marshall Plan=13 Billion $ of aid to rebuilding Europe

  5. Marshall Plan cont’d • Reflected US desire to fight growth of communism in Europe • US believed aid would help • Europe economically; democratically & eventually make strong markets for US products

  6. What led to the Berlin Blockade? • USSR blocked plans to reunite Germany • June 1948 Allies merged all sections of Western Germany into one independent nation • As a result • USSR begins blockade of Berlin in 1948 • stopped all rail, road, river traffic • 2 million people left w/out supplies from outside world

  7. How did the U.S. respond to the Berlin Blockade? • Blockade put Truman in difficult position • Opposing it aggressively could lead to war • giving in would strengthen USSR position • For 15 months US airlifted food, fuel etc • Stalin saw US was determined to save West Berlin’s independence so ended the blockade May 1949

  8. Supplies Unloaded in Berlin

  9. How and why did NATO develop? • April 1949 Western European Nations, Canada signed NATO “armed attack against one or more shall be considered an attack against all” =collective security • Meant the US was becoming actively involved in European affairs (major change of policy since Monroe Doctrine

  10. How did events in Asia challenge U.S. post-war confidence? • By the end of 1949 Mao’s communist troops took over China • Nationalist troops (Chiang Kai-Shek) fled to Formosa (now Taiwan) • US refuses to recognize communist govt • 1950 began providing aid to Nationalist China

  11. Mao's Red Army AP / Wide World Photos Jennings and Brewster, p. 310. [also: Eastfoto - Athearn [Vol. 16] p. 1364]

  12. Chinese refugees (at right) stream into Hong Kong from China in 1950 -- passing others going the opposite direction

  13. Events in Asia cont’d Joe-1, the American nickname for the first Soviet atomic test, referred to Joseph Stalin. Image: Courtesy of Stepanovas • 1949 Soviets tested atomic device ending US superiority • US then steps up the arms race by developing a more powerful hydrogen bomb • US also retooled rest of military, much of which became part of NATO

  14. Why were the NSA & CIA developed? What recommendation did the NSA make? • Developed to gather & analyze data from abroad regarding cold war threats • Advise president • Predicted an extended period of tension between communist & non-communist countries • Recommended that the US protect the non-communist world, therefore needing significant military buildup

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