Ancient Indian Civilizations

1. CHAPTER 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations Section 1: Indus River Valley Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture

2. Section 1: Indus River Valley Objectives: • Examine the role geography and climate played in the settlement of the Indian subcontinent. • Investigate how people in the first Indus River valley civilization lived.

3. Section 1: Indus River Valley The Importance of Geography and Climate • Physical geography – Himalayas, Ganges River, Indus River • The climate – monsoons and high temperatures

4. Section 1: Indus River Valley Early Civilization in the Indus • River valley • Large, carefully planned cities • Facilities for storage and distribution of surplus food

5. Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants Objectives: • Explain how life in northern India changed with the coming of the Indo-Aryans. • Identify the major contributions of the Indo-Aryans to ancient Indian society.

6. Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants The Nomadic Indo-Aryans • The Vedic Age • Indo-Aryan religion – from nature

7. Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants Early Indo-Aryan Society • Indo-Aryan society – settled communities, marriage was important • The Indo-Aryan economy – barter • Southern India

8. Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism Section 3: Objectives: • Describe the importance of religion in ancient Indian society. • Identify the principal elements of Hinduism. • Identify the basic beliefs of Buddhism.

9. Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism The Upanishads and the Epics • Upanishads – written explanation of Vedic religion • Epics – long poems based on historical or religious themes • Bhagavad Gita

10. Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism A Changing Society • Caste system • Varnas – social classes

11. Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism • Hindu beliefs – monism, reincarnation • Hindu religious practices – yoga, seasonal festivals

12. Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism Buddhism • The Buddha’s teachings – reincarnation, ethics, selflessness • The spread of Buddhism

13. Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties Objectives: • Explain how the Mauryan rulers increased their power. • Examine the reasons for the decline of Gupta rule.

14. Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties Rise of the Mauryan Empire • Chandragupta Maurya – powerful leader • Aśoka – great ruler, Buddhist

15. Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties The Gupta Rulers • Less centralized rule • Local leaders • Invaders from Asia

16. Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture Objectives: • Describe how women’s rights were limited in ancient Indian society. • Identify the most important achievements of the Gupta period.

17. Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture Economy and Society • Women were prohibited from owning property • Polygyny

18. Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture Cultural Achievements • Art and architecture • Education – Nalanda • Mathematics and astronomy – algebra, quadratic equations • Medicine – inoculation