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Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations. Ch. 3 Sections 1 Geography. Geography of India. Separated from Asia by mountains Ex. Himalayas and Hindu Kush Difficult for immigrants and invaders to enter India Ganges River- flows to more fertile valley Indus River flows into drier plains
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Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations Ch. 3 Sections 1 Geography
Geography of India • Separated from Asia by mountains • Ex. Himalayas and Hindu Kush • Difficult for immigrants and invaders to enter India • Ganges River- flows to more fertile valley • Indus River flows into drier plains • Indo-Gangetic Plain- area rivers flow into
Geography • Deccan- a high plateau region south of the rivers • Western Ghats- mountain range along the western costal plains • Eastern Ghats- mountains mark the eastern Deccan • Bodies of Water • Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
Climate • Monsoons- winds that mark seasons in India • Dry Season- NE monsoons • Nov. to Mar. winds blow from N and NE • Wet Season- SW monsoons • Mid-June to October • SW winds carry warm, moist air from Indian Ocean • Temperatures range from mild on the coast to 120 ̊F in the Plains
Ch. 3 Section 2 Early Indo-Aryan Societies
Early Indo-Aryans • Vedic Age: named for the Vedas- early religious literature • Indo-Aryans- nomadic people from north of the Black and Caspian Seas • Herded animals and became farmers when they settled • Formed independent states or territories • Raja- chief; military leader, lawmaker, and judge
Indo-Aryan Society Physical and social differences between Indo-Aryan migrants and earlier inhabitants Indo-Aryan Migrants Indus Valley People Dark skinned Settle communities Taken over by Indo-Aryans • Light skinned • Nomadic people Social Structure Warriors/ Priests ↓ Merchant/Traders ↓ Farmers and Servants
Marriage • Important institution; limited between social orders • Rules for Marriage Ceremonies: • Parents arranged marriages • Marriages by purchase or capture • Marriages for love is possible
Economy • Farming- wheat and barley • Used irrigation to grow rice • Poor transportation made trade difficult • Bartering was used, not coins • Sanskrit- Indo-Aryan language that spread throughout India