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Cell Structure and Function: The Building Blocks of Life Explained

Explore the fascinating world of cells - the basic unit of life with distinct functions, discovered by Robert Hooke. Learn about different types of cells, cell theory, and the components within animal and plant cells. Discover the importance of structures like cell membranes, organelles, nuclei, and mitochondria. Delve into the role of chloroplasts in plant cells and the significance of cell walls. Engage with interactive quizzes and reviews to deepen your understanding of cell biology.

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Cell Structure and Function: The Building Blocks of Life Explained

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  1. Cells 3.4

  2. What is it? • Basic unit of structure and function in a living thing. • Very tiny! One cm2 of your skin has 100,000 skin cells • Different types for different functions • Each cell has all the characteristics of a living thing • Discovered by Robert Hooke after the invention of the microscope when he used one to look at cork (made from trees) • Make up all living things

  3. Cell Theory Explains the relationship between cells and living things. • All living things are made of cells • Cells come from other cells • All of an organism’s life functions occur within cells • Contain hereditary information that is passed on to “offspring” cells

  4. Same but Different Many different types, but all share similar characteristics • Cell membrane • Organelles • Cytoplasm • DNA

  5. Two Main Types

  6. What’s inside?

  7. Animal Cell

  8. Plant Cell What’s different

  9. Can we see them? Using microscopes and stains (methyl blue) We can see the… 1. cell membrane: which is made of lipids and proteins and keeps the cytoplasm in while letting waste out. 2. Nucleus: most visible organelle, carries DNA, sometimes can see nucleolus (inside nuclear membrane and acts as storage)

  10. Mitochondria Powerhouse of cell - produce much of the energy for the cell Two membranes, inner membrane has many folds where reactions take place. Can only work with oxygen

  11. Vacuoles Storage area for cell Animals cells: small fluid filled sacs Plant cells: usually one large one that holds most of water needed, provides support when full

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of tunnels Transport proteins Different places to enter and exit in various locations

  13. Ribosomes Newly formed protein chain Produce proteins Sometimes attached to ER to release proteins into tunnels Sometimes float in cytoplasm

  14. Golgi Bodies Receive protein and other compounds from ER Package and distribute materials Sometimes release things outside of cell

  15. Lysosomes Have enzymes that break things down Pick up bacteria, food, old organelles pieces that can be reused.

  16. Cytoskeleton Series of protein fibers Give structure and shape

  17. Chloroplasts Only in plant cells Contain pigment called chlorophyll which absorb light Convert radiant energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis

  18. Cell Wall Only in plant cells Made of carbohydrate cellulose Gives structure and support, can withstand high internal pressure from a water filled vacuole Less water in vacuole = less pressure = plant wilts

  19. Let’s Review • How many kingdoms are there and how many can you name? • How is bacteria different than other life? • What is the major difference between plants and fungi? Plants and animals? • What is a scientific name? • What would you use a dichotomous key for? How would you use it? • What are the characteristics of a living thing? • What kind of energy is represented? : • Breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones • Solar power space probes showing images of deep space • Wind powers windmills which give power to homes

  20. Let’s Review • How is the human body organized to perform life functions? • What are the similarities and differences between taxonomy and systematics? • What is a cladogram? • What is cell theory? • What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • Where is DNA kept? • Potato cells don’t have chloroplasts, if you saw one, how would you know it was a plant cell?

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