Theme 2: Regional Ocean Influences

1. Theme 2: Regional Ocean Influences • Western boundary currents • Marginal seas and exchanges with open ocean • Atmosphere/Ocean interaction: impact on local and far field climate • Equatorial connection between Pacific and Indian Oceans • The WEP is the “hatchery” for ENSO • Scale interactions • Representation of regional processes in global models

2. Sea of Okhotsk Yaremchuk, Mitsudera (Hokkaido), Regional studies South China Sea and Throughflow Qu, Yaremchuk, Yu Exchange through Luzon Strait Yarumchuk, Qu, Yu Indian Ocean: Tracer transport, freshwater constraints, O2 min Jensen, Yaremchuk, Yu, Aiki, et al Western equatorial Pacific and LLWBCs Richards, Qu, Natarov, Kashino (J), Sasaki (ES) ITF and its relation to variability of Indian and Pacific Oceans McCreary, Potemra and Schneider SE Indian Ocean heat budget and mixed layer Qu, Masumoto(UT), Sasaki (ES) Outflow of ITF Yu, Potemra Banda Sea Kida

3. Circulation induced by throughflow LCS: Δd, n = 1 mode McCreary, Miyama (FRCGC), et al

4. Circulation induced by throughflow There is a westward and equatorward surface (eastward and poleward subsurface) geostrophic flow across PO interior The general structure of circulation, upwelling and downwellingis a robust feature, butdetailsof are strongly dependent on the imposedmixing. There is anomalous upwellingcaused by the ITF in the Pacific wherever Δd is negative. Details of the exchange (pathways, vertical structure, mixing) depend on geometry and wind forcing. McCreary, Miyama (FRCGC), et al

5. South China Sea throughflow and its impact on the Indonesian throughflow 1. The SCSTF is a heat and freshwater conveyor, transferring up to 0.1-0.2 PW of heat and 0.1 Sv of freshwater from the SCS into the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. 2.The SCSTF impacts the SCS heat content. In response, the SCS acts as a heat capacitor, storing heat in certain years and releasing it in others. 3.The SCSTF impacts the Indonesian throughflow. In response, the ITF heat transport is significantly (by up to 47%) reduced. Thus, the SCS is likely to play an active role in climate variability. Water entering the South China Sea through Luzon Strait is lower in temperature and higher in salinity (blue) than water leaving it through Karimata, Mindoro, and Taiwan Strait (red).

6. WOA climatology NPTW maximum 1/60 deg. topography (GEBCO) 1/10 deg. OfES model topography OfES 0.1deg model Retrieving the South China Sea throughflow from T/S climatologies Karimata transport: 1.5-3 times less than diagnosed by direct simulations T/S in South China Sea Topography in Karimata St.

7. Varying currents in the Western Equatorial Pacific 10 N Eq 1994 2004 NECC October 1999 October 2002 Analysis of OFES

8. Zonal current along 138 E OFES Obs (Kashino) 0 Sep 2001 400 Eq 10N June 2004

9. OFES CCSM El Niño La Niña

10. Lateral mixing: interleaving U Salinity Kashino Model V Tracer Natarov and Richards (2007)

11. Western equatorial Pacific: future activities • Use of regional models to study ocean/atmosphere couplings • Analysis of OFES, CFES, SINTEX-F experiments • Use of TAO/TRITON, Argo, Satellite data • Participation in R/V Mirai cruise to study mixing in the thermocline • Use of Earth Simulator for mixing experiments • Major field programs: NPOCE, PACWIN, SPICE

13. NEC NECC MC SEC NGCC SECC SEC 3yr average near surface currents from 1/10 degree POP

14. SPICE

15. Marine Ecosystem Chlorophyll (phytoplankton) Krill Tuna

16. IPRC Activities on the Marine Ecosystem Phytoplankton SST ΔSST caused by bio 2oC Biofeedback on SST (Timmermann) Impact of stirring and mixing (Richards)

17. Future ecosystem modeling work • Use of regional models (e.g. iROAM) with imbedded ecosystem model • Biofeedbacks • Eastern Tropical Pacific • Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone