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The Federalist Era 1789-1816: Presidents Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Explore the key events and challenges during the presidencies of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison in the Federalist Era from 1789 to 1816. Learn about significant treaties, domestic issues, foreign policy, and the transitions between administrations.

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The Federalist Era 1789-1816: Presidents Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

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  1. THE FEDERALIST ERA1789-1816 PRESIDENTS WASHINGTON, ADAMS, JEFFERSON, and MADISON

  2. WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY • FIRST JOB: PUT THE NEW GOVERNMENT IN TO ACTION: • HIS CABINET- • CONGRESS PROPOSED AND THE STATES APPROVED A “BILL OF RIGHTS”.—protected natural rights and created legal rights. • 5 MAJOR ISSUES OF WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY: • DEBT: HAMILTON’S 5 PART PLAN • 5% Tariff on all imports • Assumption of state debts • (Compromise on location of new capital city) • Pay off bonds or exchange for new interest-bearing bonds at face value • Raise excise taxes gradually -- 25% whiskey tax • 1794 Whiskey Rebellion • Bank of the US • Article 1, section 8, cl. 18 • Led to political parties. • INDIAN PROBLEMS ON THE FRONTIER • Treaty of Greenville • FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 • Citizen Genet WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND 1793 Neutrality Proclamation England issued the 1st Orders of Council. • Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty

  3. TRANSISTION: WASHINGTON TO ADAMS • WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS • WASHINGTON’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS: • 3 treaties, ended Indian hostilities, paid the debt, avoided war, added 3 new states, demonstrated power of national government. • ELECTION OF 1796- • Candidates , vote, results PRESIDENCY OF JOHN ADAMS- (1797-1801) • THE “NEAR WAR” WITH FRANCE- _ “xyz” Affair • Alien and Sedition Acts KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS • CONVENTION OF 1800 • ELECTION OF 1800 (NOV 1800) • CANDIDATES, VOTE, RESULTS • 12TH AMENDMENT (1803) MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENTS- (while Adams is a “lame-duck”) Judiciary Act of 1801--Federal Judges • John Marshall Chief Justice • Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Marbury sued for a Writ of Mandamus– based on the Judiciary Act of 1789 • Judicial review—declared section 13 of Jud. Act 1789 unconstl. • US is a govt. of laws not men. Art III does not give SCt. original jurisdiction for a writ of mandamus. WILLIAM MARBURY J..MARSHALL CHARLES TALLEYRAND NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

  4. JEFFERSON’S ADMINISTRATION • AMERICA IN THE LATE 18TH, EARLY 19TH CENTURIES: • WASHINGTON, DC. • INAUGURAL ADDRESS: • HIS PRESIDENCY: • 1. WHISKEY TAX • 2. ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS • 3. MILITARY BUILD-UP • 4. JUDICIAL DISPUTES • JUDGE PICKERING, SAMUEL CHASE • 5. WAR ON THE HIGH SEAS(FRANCE AND ENGLAND) • 6. WAR WITH BARBARY PIRATES • 7. BURR-HAMILTON DUEL (ESSEX JUNTA) • 8. BURR’S TREASON TRIAL 1807 • 9. SLAVE REVOLT IN SANTO DOMINGO (Haiti) • TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE (BLACK NAPOLEON) • 10. LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 • ACCESS TO RIVERS, • ELIMINATE A FOREIGN THREAT, • MORE LAND FOR MORE FARMERS • 11. FALL OF FEDERALIST PARTY • PURCHASE OF LOUISIANA (MANIFEST DESTINY) • FAILURE OF ESSEX JUNTA • DEATH OF HAMILTON

  5. THE GREAT ADVENTURE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION: Meriwether Lewis and William Clark—Corps of Discovery May 1804- Sept. 1806 York, Sacajawea, Ft. Clatsop THREAT OF WAR, AGAIN!! • NAPOLEONIC WARS: (1803-1814) • AMERICA WANTED NEUTRALITY • EXPORTS OF FOOD GREW FROM $66.5 MILLION- $102.2 (1803-07) -OTHER EXPORTS GREW (cotton and manufactured items) $13.5-58.4 -IN THE WAR: Eng. was winning at sea, and France on land. Eng. reinstituted the Essex Decision (Rule of 1756) Eng..—Orders of Council 1807 France—Berlin Decree 1807 FR.—Milan Decree 1807 Result: ----- Impressment of sailors at an all time high ----- Seizing of ships and cargo

  6. JEFFERSON’S RESPONSE • 1807— USS Chesapeake attacked: • ORDERED ALL GOVERNORS TO CALL UP MILITIA. (100,000) • AVOID WAR AT ALL COSTS…because it would: • INCREASE TAXES • INCREASE THE DEBT • INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE BUREAUCRACY (Govt. employees) • EMBARGO ACT 1807 • “PEACEABLE COERCION” • CLOSED ALL AMERICAN PORTS AND NO EXPORTS • INCREASED SMUGGLING • HURT ECONOMY $108 MILL-$22 MILL. • RECESSION IN NEW ENGLAND • ELECTION OF 1808 • PRESIDENTIAL: MADISON V. C. PINCKNEY • CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS: FEDERALISTS GAINED • STATE ELECTIONS : FEDERALISTS SMALL GAINS

  7. “MR. MADISON’S WAR” • CAUSES OF THE WAR OF 1812 • 1. FAILURE OF DIPLOMACY WITH ENGLAND • US PROPOSAL TO BR. AMB.ERSKINE • BR. MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CHANNING REFUSED IT. • 2. NON-INTERCOURSE ACT (repealed the Embargo Act) • 3. MACON’S BILL #2 • 4. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION-Presidential Proclamation • WEST FLORIDA, BATON ROUGE • 5. REPEAL OF MILAN DECREE 1810 • 6. INDIAN PROBLEMS—RED STICK CONFEDERACY 1811 • --TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET • 7. PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES REPEALING THE “ORDERS OF COUNCIL” spring 1812. • 8. DEATH OF LORD PERCIVAL • 9. “WAR HAWKS” • LEADERS • BELIEFS • 10. DECLARATION OF WAR—JUNE 9, 1812 • REASONS • LORD CASTLEREAGH—JUNE 16, 1812 REPEALED THE ORDERS OF COUNCIL

  8. WAR OF 1812 • INITIAL BATTLES • WAR AT SEA • US FLEET – 7 SMALL BATTLESHIPS (FRIGATES) AND 100S OF PRIVATEERS • USS CONSTITUTION, USS UNITED STATES, USS CONSTELLATION • TECHNIQUES USED: CROSSING THE “T”, DRAG ANCHOR • USS CONST. V. HMS GUIERRE—”OLD IRONSIDES” • FIGHT FOR CANADA • AUG. 1812—GEN. WILLIAM HULL • JAN. 1813– GEN. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON • SEPT. 1813—ADM. OLIVER HAZZARD PERRY “PUT-IN-BAY” • OCT. 1813—BATTLE OF THE THAMES • TECUMSEH IS KILLED. • NOV. 1813 US ATTACKS AND BURNS THE CITY OF YORK—PROVINCIAL CAPITAL OF CANADA (TORONTO)

  9. 1813-1814 • OCT. 1813—Napoleon defeated at Leipzig • MAR 1814—TREATY OF CHAUMONT— • April 1814 Napoleon abdicates the throne • Napoleon exiled to Elba • SPRING 1814 COL. ANDREW JACKSON AND THE TENNESSEE VOLUNTEERS DEFEAT THE CREEK INDIANS AT THE BATTLE OF HORSESHOE BEND—ENDS RED STICK CONFEDERACY. • EARLY AUGUST 1814 BR. LAND TROOPS IN MARYLAND • AUG. 24, 1814—WASHINGTON, DC BURNED • SEPT. 1814, BATTLE OF FT. McHENRY • FRANCIS SCOTT KEY WRITES THE “STAR SPANGLED BANNER” SEPT. 1814—BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN (Plattsburg, NY) DEC. 1814-- HARTFORD CONVENTION DEC, 1814--PEACE CONFERENCE OF GHENT DEC. 24, 1814 TREATY OF GHENT DEC. 24—BATTLE OF CHALMETTE JAN. 8—BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

  10. AFTERMATH OF THE WAR • RESULTS OF THE WAR OF 1812 • 1. DEATH OF FEDERALIST PARTY • 2. PEACE AND RESPECT FROM ENGLAND • 1815 TRADE AGREEMENT • 1815 JOINT NAVAL FORCE ENDED BARBARY PIRATES • 1817 RUSH-BAGOT AGREEMENT • 1818 FISHERIES CONVENTION • 1818 CONVENTION OF 1818 • 3. BROKE INDIAN RESISTANCE EAST OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER • 4. NEW WAVE OF NATIONALISM • 5. MONROE ELECTED PRESIDENT “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” • 6. 2ND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CHARTERED • 7. NATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS • 8. ECONOMIC RECESSION • 9. NEW TARIFF • 10. JACKSON INVADES FLORIDA. • 11. TRANSCONTINENTAL TREATY (ADAMS-ONIS TREATY)

  11. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS EICHHOLTZ • AMERICAN LITERATURE AND ART • Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Fennimore Cooper, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow • AMERICAN SYSTEM: Compromise—politics, internal improvements, economic issues • Henry Clay—Missouri Compromise • SECTIONALISM • Beliefs of each region and their leaders: • NORTHEAST • SOUTH • WEST PEALE JARVIS MORSE CATLIN

  12. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1816-1824 PANIC OF 1819. • LATIN AMERICAN POLICY • REVOLUTIONS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA • MIGUEL HIDALGO • JOSE DE SAN MARTIN • BERNARDO O’HIGGINS • SIMON BOLIVAR • CHANNING DOCTRINE • PROPOSED TERMS • MONROE DOCTRINE • TERMS

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