The Federalist Era, 1789-1801

1. The Federalist Era, 1789-1801 Under the new constitutional government, the Federalists dominated domestic and foreign policy until the election of 1800 Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Election of 1800

2. I. Domestic Issues • Washington Administration, 1789-1796 • Challenges in American society in 1790 a. Population, finances, and politics • New government! • President WA and Cabinet • Bill of Rights, 1791 • Judiciary Act, 1789 and “writ of mandamus” • Hamilton’s Plan • Funding at Par • Assumption state debts and Federal district • Tariff (Revenue Act of 1789) • Excise taxes (“an Inland tax) • National Bank • States’ righters and 10th Amendment • Hamilton’s Implied Powers from the “elastic or necessary and proper clause” • Whiskey Rebellion, 1794

3. Memory Aid • B ank of U.S. • E xcise tax • F unding at par • A ssume state debts • T arrifs

4. I. Domestic Issues (cont.) • Election of 1796 • WA Farewell Address • Warnings • Adams Administration • TJ VP (“He is distrustful, obstinate, excessively vain, and takes no counsel from anyone.” TJ) • WA’s Cabinet

5. II. Foreign Policy • French Revolution • Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation, 1793 a. Citizen Genet • Jay Treaty, 1794 • Harassment American frontier and impressment • War averted but creation of D-R Party • Pinckney Treaty, 1795 • Right of deposit • Defeat of American Indians in Old Northwest • Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794 • Treaty of Greenville, 1795

6. II. Foreign Policy (cont.) • “Quasi-War”, 1798-1800 • French condemned Jay Treaty • 300 warships • XYZ Affair, 1797 • Undeclared Naval Warfare • Military build-up • Suspension of trade • Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 • VA and KY Resolutions • State right of “nullification” • Convention of 1800 a. End Franco-American alliance

7. Federalists Rule by “best people” (“those who own the country ought to govern it”) Distrusted democracy Pro British Strong standing army and navy Hamilton’s Plan BE FAT Loose Constructionists Support business but don’t interfere Strong Centralists Subordinate the state power Alien and Sedition Acts Strong Judicial Branch Judiciary Act, 1789 Jeffersonian-Democrats Support in S, SE, and W agrarian support in hinterland (“Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God”) Government for the people though! Pro French Minimal army and navy State and local spending Strict Constructionists Strong State Rightists Central government at a minimum VY & KY Resolutions Weak Judicial Branch Strong state Judicial branches III. Election of 1800

8. John Adams Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Henry Knox John Jay Citizen Genet Anthony Wayne Talleyrand Matthew Lyon James Madison Funding at par Strict construction Assumption Implied powers Protective tariff Agrarian Excise tax Compact theory Nullification Impressment Cabinet Bank of US Bill of Rights French Revolution Jay’s Treaty Convention of 1800 Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 Whiskey Rebellion Ninth Amendment Federalists Tenth Amendment Pinckney Treaty Alien and Sedition Acts Battle of Fallen Timbers Farewell Address VA and KY Resolutions Democratic-Republicans Judiciary Act 1789 XYZ Affair Treaty of Greenville Chapter 10 Vocabulary

10. Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson James Madison Supreme Court Funding and assumption Bank of the United States Whiskey Rebellion Federalists Republicans Sec of State who opposed Hamilton Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789. Brilliant administrator Body believed in the common people, no aid for businesses and pro-French President Washington’s statement of basic principles of American foreign policy. Body believed in a strong government run by wealthy. Skillful politician-scholar who drafted the Bill of Rights. Hamilton’s aggressive financial policies of paying off all federal bonds and taking on all state debts. Institution bitterly opposed by states’ rights advocates. A protest by poor western farmers. Matching

11. 1-E 2-C 3-A 4-G 5-B 6-H 7-I 8-J 9-F 10-D Answers