MUHAMMAD RIAZ AKBAR Prof. Neil Hewitt Prof. George Heaney Dr. Lay Cheng Lim

1. ZERO CARBON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UK AND POTENTIAL CHALLENGES TO THE CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES MUHAMMAD RIAZ AKBAR Prof. Neil Hewitt Prof. George Heaney Dr. Lay Cheng Lim University of Ulster, UK

2. CONTENTS • Introduction / Background • Climate Change/Impacts • Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) • Challenges to the Code • Technical • Legal and Regulatory • Economic • Social and Cultural • Delivery Capacity • High rise development • A Research Approach for Multi-Storey High Density Developments • Research Methodology • Conclusion / Way Forward Muhammad Riaz Akbar

3. INTRODUCTION 50 per cent of CO2 is originating from buildings Source: Roaf et al., 2005 and MAX Fordham and Partners (Adapting Buildings & Cities) • Background • Climate Change • CO2 Concentration • 18% increase in CO2 mean annual concentration, from 315.98 to 372.95 ppmv • IPCC (2001) “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities” • UKCIP 2 to 3.5 ºC by the 2080s Rising Temperature Muhammad Riaz Akbar

4. The climate of the UK and recent trends, UKCIP, 2009 Muhammad Riaz Akbar

5. CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES All new homes in England will have to be carbon neutral by 2016 Gordon Brown, 6 December 2006 • UK Policies & Targets • Ten year Plan of the Government • 25% by 2010 (Code Level 3) • 44 % by 2013(Code Level 4) • Zero Carbon Homes by 2016 Muhammad Riaz Akbar

6. CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES (Contd.) CSH EcoHomes Muhammad Riaz Akbar

7. CSH FACTORS Energy and CO2 Emissions Water Materials Surface Water Run-off Waste Pollution Heath and Wellbeing Management Ecology Muhammad Riaz Akbar

8. CHALLENGES TO CSH • 1.Technical • Post Occupational Assessment • Limiting Size & Type of Technologies • Private wires • Origin of Energy Supply • Local Energy Source • 2.Legal & Regulatory • Voluntary Nature • Single Policy • Un-Clear Definition • 3.Economic & Financial • Increased Cost • 27-43% in the absence of WT • 4.Social & Cultural • Large glazing areas • MVHR (Sigma House Experience) • 5.Delivery Capacity • Lack of Skilled HR • Capacity of Existing Professionals • Institutional Capacity and • Overlapping of Functions) Multi-Storey Developments ? Technical Challenges Legal and Regulatory Challenges Economic / Financial Challenges Social / Cultural Challenges Capacity Challenges Multi-Storey High Density Developments Muhammad Riaz Akbar

9. MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENTS The National House Building Council (NHBC) England DetachedApartments/Flats 1997 44% 15% • 15% 32% (Walker, 2004) • CHALLENGES • Cost • Utilisation of enormous resources • Pressure on infrastructure • Rigid Structural Design • Vertical Transportation • Social, Cultural and Health Issues • Impact on the Surrounding area • POTENTIAL • Land • Cost • Location and Accessibility • Optimum utilisation of infrastructure Muhammad Riaz Akbar

10. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT STANDARDS

11. MOVING TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY ZERO CARBON DEVELOPMENTS

12. Literature Sustainable Developments Legal & Regulatory Framework National & International Commitments EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP Theoretical Framework Sustainability Factors Baseline Model Model Validation Through a case study (SQ) Outcome Substantiation Testing/Review Professional forum Practical Framework Best Practice Sustainable Developments RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT Muhammad Riaz Akbar

13. MATRIX (Sustainability Factors) Muhammad Riaz Akbar

14. Literature Sustainable Developments Legal & Regulatory Framework National & International Commitments EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP Theoretical Framework Sustainability Factors Baseline Model Model Validation Through a case study (SQ) Outcome Substantiation Testing/Review Professional forum Practical Framework Best Practice Sustainable Developments BASELINE MODEL MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT Muhammad Riaz Akbar

15. MODEL TESTING / REVIEW • CEni forum • 50 Professional Experts (Developers, Policy maker, Academia, Property Professionals (engineers/architects/planner), Experts (PHPP/EcoHomes/CSH)) Muhammad Riaz Akbar

16. Literature Sustainable Developments Legal & Regulatory Framework National & International Commitments EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP Theoretical Framework Sustainability Factors Baseline Model Model Validation Through a case study (SQ) Outcome Substantiation Testing/Review Professional forum Practical Framework Best Practice Sustainable Developments MODEL VALIDATION MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT Muhammad Riaz Akbar

17. Assess against the sustainability factors (CSH/PHPP/LEEDS etc.) • Identification of gaps and challenges • Identification of the elements/factors of best practices that can be applied to CSHH in UK Methodology Empirical Work International best practices • Primary Data • Teleconference • FGD (Structure Question) • Indepth Interviews • Secondary Data • Library study • Internet browsing • Design specifications • Reports etc. Analysis Baseline Model Case Study (SQ) • Primary Data • FGD • Structured interviews • Observations • Secondary Data • Library study • Internet browsing • Design specifications • Reports etc. Data analysis Validation of baseline model for Code 3 Substantiate Model Research findings Outcome Muhammad Riaz Akbar

18. CONCLUSION Summary • Introduction post occupational assessment • Consideration of origin and capacity of private wire for energy supply from renewable source • Best combination renewable technologies, integration of renewable energy with the whole system • Introduction of a renewable heat tarrif complimentary to that existing for renewable electricity and role of feed in tarrifs in general to offset the initial and running costs of renewables • Definition of Zero Carbon Homes • Introduction of carbon reduction credits at a single dwelling level • Capacity enhancement etc. • Location • Thermal Mass • Embodied Energy • Impact on the infrastructure and surrounding developments Muhammad Riaz Akbar

19. CONCLUSION CSHH CSH WAY FORWARD Muhammad Riaz Akbar

20. THANK YOUQuestions/Suggestions Muhammad Riaz Akbar