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Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems. Specialized Tissues. What are groups of similar cells called? What are the 4 basic types of tissues in animals?. Tissues Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle. Epithelial Tissue. Define: Examples:.

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Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

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  1. Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

  2. Specialized Tissues • What are groups of similar cells called? • What are the 4 basic types of tissues in animals? • Tissues • Epithelial • Connective • Nervous • Muscle

  3. Epithelial Tissue • Define: • Examples: • Include glands and tissues that cover internal and external body structures • Skin • Linings of blood vessels • Lining of digestive tract

  4. Functions: • Protect tissues beneath • Absorption of gases & nutrients • Secretion of substances • Provide sensation

  5. Connective Tissue • Define: • Characteristics come from: • What is the extracellular matrix? • Provides support for body and connects its parts • The extracellular matrix • non-living material that surrounds and supports the living cells.

  6. Examples: • Blood • Bone • Ligaments/tendons • Cartilage • Adipose (fat) • Mesenteries

  7. What is the matrix of blood? • What are the cells of blood? • Plasma (55% 0f blood volume) • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets

  8. What is the matrix of bone? • What are the cells of bone? • Collagen protein • Calcium Phosphate • Osteocytes

  9. What is the matrix of cartilage? • What are the cells of cartilage? • Collagen protein • Elastin fibers • Chondrocytes

  10. Why does bone heal quickly? • Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all? • Large blood supply • No blood supply

  11. Nervous Tissue • Define: • Examples: • Tissue that transmits nerve impulses through body • Brain • Spinal Cord • Sensory & Motor Nerves

  12. Muscle Tissue • Define: • Examples: • Tissue is made of "excitable" cells that are capable of contraction • Most abundant tissue type in most animals • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac

  13. Respiratory System • Function of system: • Relationship to cellular respiration: • Brings about the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood, the air and the tissues of an organism • Provides O2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP

  14. The Respiratory System & Metabolism • What is cellular metabolism? • The chemical processes occurring within a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life

  15. The Respiratory System & Metabolism, cont. • Building of larger molecules from smaller ones: • Energy is: • Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller: • Energy is: • Anabolism • Used • Catabolism • Released

  16. Structures of Respiratory System • Main organs: • Place of gas exchange: • Other structures: • Lungs • Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes) • Trachea • Left/Right Bronchi • Bronchioles • Diaphragm

  17. Muscular System • Function of system: • What are the 2 basic types of muscle action? • To provide movement for and within the body • Voluntary • Involuntary

  18. Energy Needs of Muscle Types • What cellular organelle is found in great numbers in muscle cells? • What 2 muscle types require constant energy? • What 2 muscle types can require a rapid input of energy? • Mitochondrion • Cardiac • Smooth • Cardiac • Skeletal

  19. Body Systems & Cellular Respiration • What system provides energy? • What system takes nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells? • What system provides gas exchange? • What system controls lungs? • What system controls the others? • Digestive • Circulatory • Respiratory • Muscular • Nervous

  20. Skeletal System • Functions: • Supports body • Protects internal organs • Provides movement • Stores mineral reserves • Site of blood cell formation

  21. Skeletal System, cont. • What is an endoskeleton? • Organisms with endoskeleton: • An internal skeleton • Mammals • Reptiles • Amphibians • Birds • Fish

  22. Skeletal System, cont. • What is an exoskeleton? • Organisms with exoskeleton: • Organisms with both: • An external skeleton • Insects • Crustaceans • Mollusks • Tortoise • Armadillo

  23. Skeletal System, cont. • Where do bones meet? • What holds 2 or more bones together? • What attaches muscle to bone? • Joints • Ligaments • Tendons

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