U.S. History Chapter 6

1. U.S. HistoryChapter 6 Life In The 13 Colonies

2. New England Colonies“Making A Living” • Agriculture was poor due to rocky and hilly soil. • Subsistence Farming – farming enough for your family • Fishing thrived in the Atlantic Ocean. Fish were exported to Europe and a large part of the economy. • Whaling was the most profitable, but also the most dangerous. • Forests were plentiful and provided for a good shipbuilding Industry. • Provided jobs for artisans (craft workers), laborers, and ship workers. • Trade was heavy from the Colonies. • Boston was the largest trading port.

4. Fishing off the coast of New England

5. Whaling

6. Whalers cutting up the carcass

7. Education (New England Colonies) • Education was very important to Puritans • Reading was important b/c you had to be able to read the Bible. • In 1647 the Massachusetts School Law was passed providing public education to all children. • Harvard became the first college in the colonies in 1636 in Cambridge, Mass.

8. New England Primer

9. Scene from a Dame School

10. Community Life (New England Colonies) • Towns were very important • Most towns had a Meetinghouse or Church that sat aside a Common (gathering Area). • No one worked on Sunday, the Sabbath • Everyone went to church for several hours in the morning and several hours in the evening. • Men sat on one side, women on the other. • Every year there was a Town Meeting to discuss community problems and issues • All free men attended the meetings. • Early form of Democracy

11. Salem Meeting House

12. A village in the fall and winter

13. Daily Life: Children • Leap Frog • Bow & Arrow • Blind Man's Bluff • See Saw • Bubble-Blowing • Marbles • Rocking Horses • Swinging • Cards • Ice sliding • Children’s games during colonial times: • Puzzles • Hoops • Kite Flying • Jump Rope • London Bridge • Tennis • Spinning Tops • Hopscotch

14. Middle Colonies“Making A Living” • Agriculture thrived here b/c of good soil and climate. • Wheat was the most popular crop. • Became known as the “breadbasket colonies” b/c they produced so much wheat. • Goods were shipped to the port cities of New York City & Philadelphia & then to Europe. • Goods that couldn’t be transported by river were sent by road using Conestoga Wagons.

15. Wheat field

16. Conestoga Wagon

17. Cities Grow (Middle Colonies) • City Life was important in the Middle Colonies. • Many merchants, craft workers, and shops emerged in cities. • By the mid 1700’s Philadelphia & New York City passed Boston as the largest cities.

18. Different Kinds of People (Middle Colonies) • Middle Colonies had many kinds of people and many different religions. • These different people merged their customs together. • Education was considered important but not a priority. • No public school system existed. Everything was private • Young men usually learned a craft at 12 or 13 years of age.

19. Frontier (Middle Colonies) • As the East coast became more populated, some moved farther inland for new land. • This area was known as the Frontier. • The Frontier boundaries changed with time. • Frontier life was harder, b/c you were away from the city and away from society • Everything was made from scratch.

21. Frontier Life

22. 1. Powder was poured from the powder horn into a measure that held a pre-determined amount of powder. 2.The powder poured down the barrel of the gun. A patched lead ball was shoved down the barrel until it rested on top of the powder charge. 3. A finer grade of powder was poured from a different powder horn into the pan of the rifle or musket, the hammer pulled back and the frizzen was closed. The weapon was the ready to be fired.

23. Southern Colonies“Making A Living” • Very rural with few large cities. • Agriculture was the key to the economy. • Two distinct social groups formed. The wealthy planters and the small farmer. • Major crops grown were: • Tobacco – Wealthy planters grew ½ & small farmers grew ½ . • Rice – Grew well in the Carolinas. • Indigo – produced a blue dye which became popular for textiles (clothing)

24. Tobacco ships on the James river

25. Rice Cultivation

26. A Rice field being plowed

27. African Labor (Southern Colonies) • Agricultural economy demanded much labor. • By 1760 250,000 African slaves were in the colonies. • Most slaves came from the West Coast of Africa. The route between Africa and the Americas was called the Middle Passage. • Most colonists saw nothing wrong with slavery. • Slaves worked on large Plantations (huge farms) in the South. • Plantation consisted of the “big house” where the master and family lived, slave quarters, and the farmland. • Some were later freed and some purchased their freedom • Some free black communities emerged in the colonies.

28. Virginia Plantation

29. (1788) Tobacco Plantation (

30. Section 4: Democracy Takes Root • When the colonies were being settled, England was in turmoil & the colonies were ignored. • In 1660 Charles II was named King of England & he turned his attention towards the colonies. • Charles II died in 1685 and his brother James II became King.

31. Dominion of New England & the Glorious Revolution • James II combined New England, New Jersey, & New York into “the Dominion of New England” • Sir Edmund Andros was named Governor. He was hated by the people b/c he didn’t care about their rights. • James II was removed from power b/c the people thought he would make the country Catholic. His protestant daughter Mary was named queen.

32. Sir Edmond Andros

33. The Glorious Revolution • The people called the peaceful change the Glorious Revolution • In the colonies the Dominion of New England came to an end and Governor Andros was sent back to England. • William and Mary restored elected assemblies in the individual colonies.

34. Queen Mary II

35. Bacon’s Rebellion • The revolt against Andros was not the first problem in the colonies. • In 1676 a Virginia farmer named Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt against Native Americans. • This turned into a Civil War between Bacon’s supporters and supporters of the Governor. • Bacon captured Jamestown and burned it, but he died of illness and the Rebellion fell apart.

36. Bacon confronting Governor Berkley

37. Controlling Colonial Trade • Mercantilism is the idea that the colonies are supposed to make money for their home country. • The English colonies had natural resources and were a market for English goods. • England passed laws to control trade • Navigations Acts • Colonist had to use English built ships for all their trade. • Certain colonial products could be sold only in England or in an English possession. • Colonists could only buy English made goods.

38. Boston harbor 1764

39. Moving Toward Self-Government • After the Glorious Revolution colonists were given the same rights as English citizens. • Colonial Governments were set up much like England’s Government. • There was an appointed governor and a two house legislature. Legislature had no real power. The governor had the final say so.