Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 Nature of Science

2. Chapter 1: Nature of Science Section 1: The Methods of Science

3. You will learn how to…. • Identify the steps of the scientific method • Describe why scientists use variables • Distinguish between dependent and independent variables This is important because: Using scientific methods will help you solve problems.

4. The Methods of Science What is science?

5. Science is…… Science- a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about events in nature.

6. Science is….  Knowledge about Nature Observation Investigation

7. Categories of Science Life Science- deals with living things (Biology)

8. Categories of Science Earth Science- investigates Earth and space

9. Categories of Science Physical Science- deals with matter and energy (Chemistry and Physics) This is the category of science you will learn in this class this year!

10. Question? What is technology?

11. Technology Technology- application of science to help people Ex. Lights, x-ray machine, and glucometer (device that tests blood sugar level)

12. The Methods of Science What is an organized set of investigation procedures called in science?

13. Alright!!! The scientific method is a set of investigation procedures. It is an approach to problem solving.

14. The Methods of Science There are steps in the scientific method! 6

15. 6 Steps of Scientific Method Determine the PROBLEM Gather Information Make a HYPOTHESIS (educated guess) EXPERIMENT ANALYZE DATA CONCLUSIONS

16. 6 STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD CONCLUSION !

17. Observation VS Inference • Observation- is an examination of something in nature. It is detected by any of the five senses. Ex. taste, touch, smell, hear, see

18. Observation VS Inference Inference- is a judgment based on observation. It is a personal opinion.

19. Let’s Practice……. • The bird is green. A. Observation B. Inference

20. Let’s Practice……. • The kitten in the picture is at least 1 year old. A. Observation B. Inference

21. Let’s Practice……. • The dog is wagging his tail because he is happy. • A. Observation • B. Inference

22. Experiments An experiment has at least variables! A variable is anything that may affect the outcome of an experiment. 2

23. Types of Variables • Controlled Variable • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable

24. Variables • Controlled variable- • the variable that is NOT changed • the variable that is left the same • the variable that is used to compare the test results to (used as the standard)

25. Variables • Independent variable- • the variable that is changed ON PURPOSE in the experiment • the variable that is manipulated (changed)

26. Variables • Dependent variable- • the variable that changes IN RESPONSE to changes in the independent variable (Remember, the independent variable is changed ON PURPOSE) • A.K.A. the responding variable

27. The Methods of Science It’s Activity Time!

28. Chapter 1: Nature of Science Section 3: Communicating With Graphs

29. You will learn how to…. • Identify three types of graphs and explain the ways they are used • Analyze data using the various types of graphs This is important because: Graphs are a quick way to communicate a lot of information in a small amount of space.

30. Question Which would be the BEST way to show data collected from an experiment (Table or Graph)? Why? GRAPH TABLE

31. Answer… The Graph! It’s easier to understand just by looking at it!

32. Graph A graph is a visual display of information or data. Line Graph Circle Graph (100%) Bar Graph

33. Bar Graphs and Line Graphs TITLE- Independent, Dependent Y-axis = Dependent Variable (Responds) DRY X-axis = Independent Variable (Manipulated) MIX

34. Analyzing Graphs Left To right= Positive Left To right= Negative

35. Let’s Practice Positive or Negative?

36. Answer… Positive

37. Let’s Practice Positive or Negative?

38. Answer… Positive

39. Let’s Practice Positive or Negative?

40. Answer… Negative

41. What if…. You cannot see everything that you are testing or observing because it is too large (Universe), too small (atom), or takes to much time to see completely (continental drift)? What could you do?

42. You could… You could use a model as a representation of an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it.

43. Model Examples Models can be objects, pictures, computer programs, maps, simulators (ex. driving simulators)

44. Science can’t answer all questions! • Scientific Theory- • an explanation of things or events based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations • CAN CHANGE • Tries to explain WHY things happen

45. Science can’t answer all questions! • Scientific Law- • a statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all of the times (Ex. Gravity) • DOES NOT CHANGE • tells WHAT happens, but does not explain WHY

46. Important Vocabulary Science Scientific method Hypothesis Variable Dependent Variable Independent Variable Controlled Variable Graph Model Scientific Theory Scientific Law

47. It’s Activity Time Graphing Time

48. Chapter 1: Nature of Science Section 2: Standards of Measurement

49. You will learn how to…. • Name the prefixes used in SI and indicate what multiple of 10 each one represents • Identify SI units and symbols for length, volume, mass, density, time, and temperature. • Convert related SI units This is important because: By using uniform standards, nations can exchange goods and compare information easily.

50. Let’s Talk….. How would you measure the length of a piece of string? Football field? What are some units of measure for length? EXAMPLE: centimeter (cm)