1 / 18

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud. The Psychoanalytic Approach. Background. Began as a physician In seeing patients, began to formulate basis for later theory Sexual conflicts were primary cause of all neuroses. Instincts. Basic elements of the personality Life instincts: Serve purpose of survival

chantel
Download Presentation

Sigmund Freud

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sigmund Freud The Psychoanalytic Approach

  2. Background • Began as a physician • In seeing patients, began to formulate basis for later theory • Sexual conflicts were primary cause of all neuroses

  3. Instincts • Basic elements of the personality • Life instincts: Serve purpose of survival • Libido: Pleasurable behaviors • Death instincts: Uncs drive to death and destruction • Aggressive drive: Compulsion to destroy, conquer, kill

  4. Levels of Personality • Conscious: Ordinary everyday meaning • Preconscious: Between 2 layers • Memories of which we are not consciously aware, but can be easily called into consciousness • Unconscious: Instincts, wishes and desires that direct all behaviors

  5. 3 Part Model of Personality • Id • Pleasure principle • Instinctual • Ego • Reality principle • Mediator between id and superego • Superego • Morality principle • Conscience • Ego ideal: Moral ideal for a behavior to which a person should strive

  6. Anxiety • Feeling of fear and dread w/o an objective cause • Reality: Fear of tangible dangers in the real world • Neurotic: Conflict b/t id and ego • Moral: Conflict b/t id and superego

  7. Defense Mechanisms • Function: Used by ego to defend against anxiety • Involves distortion of reality • Operate unconsciously

  8. Defense Mechanisms • Repression • Denial • Reaction Formation • Projection • Regression • Rationalization • Displacement • Sublimation

  9. Psychosexual Stages of Development • 5 Stages • Oral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital • Fixation: Portion of libido is stuck in 1 stage because of excessive frustration or gratification

  10. Oral Stage • Birth to 1 year • Id dominates • Mouth is pleasure center • State of total dependence on caregivers

  11. Anal Stage • Ages 1-3 years • External reality (toilet training) interferes with gratification received from defecation • Learn to control id impulses

  12. Phallic Stage • Ages 4-5 • Pleasure derived from genitals • Oedipus complex: Uncs desire of a boy for his mother, desire to replace his father • Castration anxiety • Electra complex: Uncs desire of a girl for her father, desire to replace her mother • Penis envy

  13. Latency Period • Age 5-puberty • Structures of personality largely formed by age 5 • Sexual instinct temporarily dormant

  14. Genital Stage • Adolescence-adulthood • If no major fixations from earlier stages are present, the individual leads a normal life • Sexual energy finds acceptable outlets • First 5 years of life determine adult personality

  15. Assessment • Free association • Patient says whatever comes to mind • Catharsis: Expression of emotions that is expected to lead to the reduction of disturbing symptoms • Dream analysis: The royal road to the uncs • Manifest content • Latent content

  16. Research • Case study method • Personality formed by age 5 • Studies show changes over time from preschool to ages 12-13 • Middle childhood years may be more important in adult personality (ages 7-12) • Notion of uncs well-supported • Defense mechanisms: Use simpler ones earlier in life, more complex later

  17. Criticisms of Freud • Deterministic, negative view of human nature • Flaws in case study approach • Neglect of social factors in personality • Emphasis on past to neglect of present and future behavior • View of women • Ambiguous concepts

  18. Contributions of Freud • Contributed to empirical study of psychology • Role of uncs in behavior • Role of childhood experiences • Defense mechanisms

More Related