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French atomic energy commission

The atom, from research to industry. French atomic energy commission. Defence & Security. Energy. Technologies for information and health. 541TWh. Unit 58 (Civaux 2) 1999. 10%. TWh. 500. 400. 78%. 300. Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) 1977. 200. Oil crisis 1973. Nuclear. Fossil. 100. Hydro.

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French atomic energy commission

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  1. The atom, from research to industry French atomic energy commission Defence & Security Energy Technologies for information and health Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  2. 541TWh Unit 58 (Civaux 2) 1999 10% TWh 500 400 78% 300 Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) 1977 200 Oil crisis 1973 Nuclear Fossil 100 Hydro 12% 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The energy mix in France 2005 : Nuclear : 78 % of total energy production Thermal : 12 % Hydraulic, wind and photovoltaic : 10 % Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  3. The current nuclear power fleet in France GRAVELINES • 34 900 MWe units • 20 1300 MWe units • 4 1500 MWe units   EPR  PALUEL PENLY     CHOOZ FLAMANVILLE  CATTENOM NOGENT / SEINE   FESSENHEIM  ST-LAURENT   DAMPIERRE 58 PWR units 63184 MWe installed   BELLEVILLE CHINON CIVAUX   BUGEY  451.5 TWh produced in 2005 ST-ALBAN   CRUAS LE BLAYAIS  TRICASTIN   GOLFECH Connection to the grid : – Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) : April 1977 – Unit 58 (Civaux 2) : December 1999 april 2007 : issue of the decree on the construction of a EPR in France (Flamanville) Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  4. French energy policy and nuclear power • Energy bill : 38.3 billion € in 2005, or 2.26% of GDP (5 % in 1981) • Rate of energy independance : 49,8 % in 2005 (26 % in 1973) • 4th biggest energy consumer in the OECD (276.5 MTOE in 2005), France is only in the 27th place for CO2 emissions in relation to the GDP (2003, IEA) • Competitive electricity for industry and for domestic consumers, characterised bystable prices • Electricity production covering all national requirements and enabling France to be the leading electricity exporter in the world • A network of nuclear power stations that makes France the second producer of nuclear-generated electricity in the OECD after the United States Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  5. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.3 Switzerland Sweden Greece Italy Japan Korea Ireland France Iceland Hungary Unted States Canada Portugal Turkey Australia Belgium Austria Norway Poland Finland Mexico United Kingdom Holland Denmark Germany Spain OECD Total Czech Repub. 0.25 New Zealand Luxemburg Slovak Rep. 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Switzerland Sweden Greece Italy Korea Japan Ireland France United States Hungary Iceland Canada Portugal Turkey Australia Belgium Norway Austria Poland Finland Mexico Germany United Kingdom Holland Denmark Spain OECD Total New Zealand Luxemburg Czech Rep. Slovak Rep. CO2 emissions in 2003 per inhabitant and in relation to the GDP tC/inhab. France : 24ème/30 GDP tC/1 000 US$ (2000) France : 27ème/30 Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  6. Actors involved in the nuclear program in France • Definition of the French energy policy : Prime Minister, Ministry in charge of Industry, DGEMP • Independent Safety Authority : ASN • Research and development : CEA • Companies : AREVA (Framatome-ANP, COGEMA), Alstom, but also SME, … • Utilities : EDF • Waste management : ANDRA • Expertise and R&D for safety : IRSN • … Public opinion … Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  7. French atomic energy commission 1945 : CEA foundation Atom and its applications for France : defence, energy, research, industry Today : from research to industry Reference institution at worldwide level for nuclear energy Based on its nuclear activity, developments inducing new activities and employments Guarantee a perennial nuclear deterrence without nuclear tests … Tomorrow Reference institution at worldwide level for nuclear energy Leading European body for technological research Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  8. Third party receipts CEA main figures (year 2006) Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  9. CEA : Organization High Commissioner for Atomic Energy Bernard Bigot General Management Alain Bugat Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Jean-Pierre Le Roux Deputy CEO National Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Techniques 4 Operational Divisions 4 Functional Divisions Fundamental Research Defence Nuclear Technological Research Risk Control Strategy and External Relations Information and systems management Human Resources and Training Physical Sciences Life Sciences Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  10. Materials Le-Ripault, Valduc CEA : local actor with the French Regions Nuclear sciences, software technologies, high performance computing, biomedicine Fontenay aux Roses Saclay Bruyères le Châtel Le-Ripault Valduc Micro/Nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Grenoble Cesta Lasers and plasmas Valrho Nuclear : Nuclear fuel cycle, waste management Valrho Fusion, fission Cadarache Cadarache Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  11. CEA main figures – Civil Activity 10,844 employees Budget : 2 G€, including governmental funding 0.86 G€ 1041 ongoing PhD thesis 297 post-doctoral researchers 973 invited researchers (stay > 3 months) 2097 priority patents 1250 priority patents issued 317 new priority patents in 2006 351 active licensing agreements 97 high-tech spin-offs from CEA since 1984 CEA is main Shareholder of AREVA group (~ 80 %)  59,000 employees and 10 G€ sales Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  12. Energy Technologies for information and health 2Main areas of civil activity 11 segments of which5 Fundamental Research segments The Medium-Long-term Plan (2003 - 2012) Fundamental research: sustained effort for the duration of the plan Research on nuclear waste Optimization of industrial nuclear use Future nuclear systems New Technologies for Energy Micro nanotechnologies Software technologies Fundamental research for energy Radiobiology – nuclear toxicology Fundamental research for industrial innovation Nuclear technologies for health and biotechnologies Large Scale Facilities 2003 - 2012 Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  13. Signs of a relaunch of nuclear power throughout the world : Ambitious programmes in Asia, the USA, in Russia, India… and several countries looking to start up civil nuclear programmes RUSSIA nuclear capacity increase + 20 GWe by ~2020 CHINA nuclear capacity increase > 40 GWe by 2020 EUROPE FINLAND 5th reactor KOREA nuclear capacity increase + 9 GWe by ~ 2015 FRANCE new EPR USA + 1500 Power Plants by 2020 including nuclear (> 50 GWe) JAPAN nuclear capacity increase + 21 GWe by 2012 INDIA nuclear capacity increase from 2.5 to 20 GWe by 2020 R en Projects in Vietnam, Turkey, Morocco, Indonesia, etc… Under consideration in Australia, Thaïland, Malaysia, etc… Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  14. Signs of a revival for nuclear investments in Europe Finland : - EPR - Nationwide debate on energy under way • United Kingdom : • Energy Review • Statement by Tony Blair in favour of nuclear power on 16 May 2006. Baltic states : Joint decision by the three Prime ministers : new unit for Ignalina site. • France : • EPR • Reorganisation of legal framework • - 4th generation prototype (2020) Holland : - Lifetime of the only power station extended until 2033; Poland : First unit to be built in 2020 ? Bulgaria : Launch of a new call to tender on 1st February 2006 for a new unit at Belene. Rumania : New unit at Cernavoda scheduled for 2007. Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  15. FINAL WASTE RADIOTOXICITY SPENT FUEL Relative radiotoxicity GLASSES After reprocessing) GLASSES without MAs Time (years) Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  16. 0,1 % LONG TERM BEHAVIOR OF NUCLEAR GLASSES Estimated removed amount 100 % 10 % 10 millions years 1 million years 10 000 years Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  17. U U U R T FP R T FP R T FP&MA MA U Pu U Pu MA U Pu FUEL CYCLE OPTIONS :A PROGRESSIVE APPROACH • SEVERAL DIFFERENT OPTIONS, • WHICH COULD BE SUCCESSIVELY DEPLOYED MAs Heterogeneous recycle All-actinide homogeneous recycle U & Pu recycle Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  18. RESISTANCE VS. PROLIFERATION Pu isotopic composition 0.6 0.5 Pu239 MOX 0.4 0.3 Pu240 0.2 Pu241 0.1 Pu242 Pu238 • Recycling (and burning) plutonium : • - decreases its « strategic value » • decreases its « accessibility » (especially if MAs are present) 0 75 90 30 60 45 Burn-up (GWd/t) An neutron emission rate 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 30 45 60 75 Burn-up (GWd/t) Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

  19. LA HAGUE RELEASE : CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLIC EXPOSURE • Population : people up to 24 years old ,living in « canton de La Hague », 1996 • Source : Travaux du Groupe Radioécologie Nord-Cotentin (1999) Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance

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