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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). James Watson & Francis Crick and Their DNA Model. Watson & Crick on the 50 th anniversary of their discovery. Rosalind Franklin’s Famous Photo 51 of DNA. Rosalind Franklin’s Lab. Maurice Wilkins. Winning the Nobel Prize 1962.

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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  1. DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

  2. James Watson & Francis Crick and Their DNA Model

  3. Watson & Crick on the 50th anniversary of their discovery

  4. Rosalind Franklin’s Famous Photo 51 of DNA

  5. Rosalind Franklin’s Lab

  6. Maurice Wilkins

  7. Winning the Nobel Prize 1962

  8. Erwin Chargaff, Jerry Donahue, Lawrence Bragg

  9. DNADeoxyribonucleic acid • Polymer of nucleotides (phosphate group bonded to deoxyribose bonded to a nitrogen base)

  10. DNA Nucleotide

  11. A Nucleotide(an abbreviated version)

  12. 4 Nitrogen Bases of DNA • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C)

  13. Adenine and guanine are purines • Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines

  14. Purines

  15. Pyrimidines

  16. Nucleotides Bond Together in Long Chains The two chains of nucleotides are bonded in the middle by the paired bases

  17. Base Pairing Rule • Adenine bonds to Thymine • Guanine bonds to Cytosine BASES THAT BOND ARE CALLED COMPLEMENTARY BASES

  18. Bases Bond by Hydrogen Bonds

  19. The 2 DNA Chains are Antiparallel

  20. DNA Replication Before mitosis, the cell makes a copy (replica) of its DNA

  21. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the cell cycle?

  22. SEMICONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION • Each DNA molecule contains an original strand and a new strand

  23. (1) An enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the paired bases together (unzips the DNA)

  24. (2) Complementary nucleotides bond to the separated DNA chains (A to T and G to C) (3) Enzymes bond new DNA nucleotides to the original DNA strands. (4) When finished, there are 2 identical (bases in the same sequence) DNA molecules.

  25. (5) Proofreading enzymes check for mistakes during replication (bonding 50 base pairs per second means mistakes will be made!)

  26. DNA Replication

  27. http://www.dnatube.com/video/365/DNA-Replication

  28. The Central Dogma of Biochemistry

  29. The Central Dogma of Biology DNA  mRNA  protein transcription translation

  30. 3 Types of RNA • tRNA (transfer RNA)-carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome • mRNA (messenger RNA)-carries information from DNA • rRNA (ribosomal RNA)- along with protein, makes up ribosomes

  31. TRANSCRIPTION (RNA Synthesis) (1) A gene for a specific protein is turned on (2) Hydrogen bonds between DNA bases are broken (3) Complementary RNA nucleotides bond to onestrand of DNA

  32. (4) Bases must be complementary RNA has uracil in place of thymine; if DNA has the base adenine, a uracil bonds to it

  33. (5) RNA breaks away from the DNA (6) RNA can then exit the nucleus via pores in the nuclear membrane

  34. RNA • Ribonucleic acid • A polymer of nucleotides • The sugar in RNA is ribose (instead of deoxyribose, as in DNA)

  35. Comparison of Ribose and Deoxyribose

  36. RNA nucleotides do not have thymine, but contain uracil instead

  37. RNA is one strand of nucleotides (DNA is two chains of nucleotides) • So RNA is a single helix, but DNA is a double helix

  38. http://www.dnatube.com/video/1017/Compare-DNA-and-RNA-in-structural-basishttp://www.dnatube.com/video/1017/Compare-DNA-and-RNA-in-structural-basis

  39. tRNA

  40. Transcription

  41. Transcription

  42. Transcription

  43. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJSmZ3DsntU&feature=related

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