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Explore the Digestive System: Functions, Organs, and Disorders

Learn about the human digestive system, including the organs involved, the process of digestion, and common disorders. Discover the importance of mechanical and chemical digestion for overall health.

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Explore the Digestive System: Functions, Organs, and Disorders

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  1. WELCOME TO BIOLOGY LESSON [CLICK HIRE TO ENTER]

  2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  3. Basic Competence: To describe digestive system and its relation to health

  4. Objectives: • To distinguish the digestive tracts from the digestive glands as a system of human digestion. • To compare between mechanical and chemical digestions, and their functions .

  5. Learning Material

  6. THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  7. Move the cursor to know the name of digestive organs! click hire

  8. Move the cursor to know the name of digestive organs! Pancreas

  9. How the mechanism of digestive process?

  10. Mouth • Food is chewed and broken up into small pieces by the teeth • The salivary gland secretes saliva that contains salivary amylase enzymes / ptyalin • salivary amylase digests starch into maltose / sugar • Starch maltose

  11. Esophagus • Food is pushed through the esophagus into the stomach by the alternating muscular contraction and relaxation of the esophagus • This process of alternating muscular contraction and relaxation is known as peristalsis • No digestion takes place in the esophagus because there are no digestive enzymes secreted

  12. Stomach • Food is mixed with GASTRIC JUICES in the stomach • Gastric juices are secreted from the cells of the stomach wall. Gastric juices contain ; 1. Hydrochloric acid 2. enzymes / RENNIN AND PEPSIN

  13. Stomach Enzymes • The function of hydrochloric acid include : • providing an acidic medium for enzyme action • killing bacteria found in food • neutralizing and stopping the action of salivary amylase enzymes • PEPSIN digests proteins into peptones • RENNIN coagulates milk in the stomach • liquid milk proteins solid milk proteins

  14. Small Intestine • The small intestine is the longest food digestive tract, and consist of duodenum, jejunum and ileum • The duodenum receives BILE and PANCREATIC juice • Bile is produced by the liver and is stored in gall bladder. The bile flows from the gall bladder into duodenum through the bile duct . The func tion of bile.; Emulsion of fat • Pancreatic juice which is produced by the pancreas cells, contains three types of enzymes ; pancreatic amylase, tripsin and lipase

  15. Duodenum • The pancreatic amylase digests starch into GLUCOSE • The TRIPSIN digests peptones into AMINO ACID • The lipase digests fat into FATTY ACID and GLYCEROL • The duodenum is connected to two large digestive glands , the pancreas and liver

  16. Jejunum • Two meter long jejunum • No secrete digestive enzyme

  17. Ileum • Absorption is the process when the end products of digestion enter the bloodstream through the small intestinal walls • a very large surface area because it has millions of tiny, finger-like process called VILLI • Digestion is completed in the small intestine then ready to absorbed through thin walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

  18. The Diseases and Disorder • Diarrhea • Diarrhea occurs when bacteria or protozoa infect the large intestine and disturb water absorption by the intestine; so, the feces become diluted.

  19. 2.Constipation constipation occurs when there is too much water absorption by the intestine so that the feces becomes thick and hard. 3. Gastritis gastritis is caused by irregular eating time which makes the gastric “eaten” by excessive gastric juice. 4. Gastric cancer gastric cancer is caused by poisonous or carcinogenic (cancer causing agent) substances. 5. Hemorrhoid hemorrhoid is caused by swollen vein in anus. It is resulted from sitting in long period of time, pregnancy, and overweight.

  20. EVALUATION A

  21. Chose the best answer/option (a, b, c, or d) through click the cursor in it. 1. Which one is not digestive track………………………….. a. mouth b. esophagus c. small intestine d. liver

  22. 1. Which one is not digestive track………………………….. a. mouth False b. esophagus c. small intestine d. liver Repeat

  23. 1. Which one is not digestive track………………………….. a. mouth Correct b. esophagus c. small intestine d. liver Next number

  24. 2. The digestive gland not found in the………………………….. a. mouth b. esophagus c. small intestine d. stomach

  25. 2. The digestive gland not found in the………………………….. a. mouth False b. esophagus c. small intestine d. stomach Repeat

  26. 2. The digestive gland not found in the………………………….. a. mouth Correct b. esophagus c. small intestine d. stomach Next number

  27. 3. When we chew the boiled rice much longer, it will taste sweet because in our saliva consist of enzyme ….. a. ptyalin b. pepsin c. rennin d. tripsin

  28. 3. When we chew the boiled rice much longer, it will taste sweet because in our saliva consist of enzyme ….. False a. ptyalin b. pepsin c. rennin d. tripsin Repeat

  29. 3. When we chew the boiled rice much longer, it will taste sweet because in our saliva consist of enzyme ….. Correct a. ptyalin b. pepsin c. rennin d. tripsin Next number

  30. 4. In the ……hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to the food. a. mouth b. small intestine c. large intestine d. stomach

  31. 4. In the ……hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to the food. False a. mouth b. small intestine c. large intestine d. stomach Repeat

  32. 4. In the ……hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to the food. Correct a. mouth b. small intestine c. large intestine d. stomach Next number

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