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Health Management and Disease

Health Management and Disease. Mr. Pace. Health Management & Disease. At the completion of this unit students will be able to List signs of healthy and sick animals Categorize disease by their cause Identify common diseases and medical treatments for small animals

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Health Management and Disease

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  1. Health Management and Disease Mr. Pace

  2. Health Management & Disease At the completion of this unit students will be able to List signs of healthy and sick animals Categorize disease by their cause Identify common diseases and medical treatments for small animals Identify common diseases and medical treatments for large animals List preventative measures that should be taken to prevent the spread of disease at home and in the vet clinic Identify animal parasites, their transmission, and treatment Recite the recommended vaccine schedules for animals Administer intramuscular and subcutaneous injections Prepare a client education pamphlet for a new pet owner

  3. Healthy Animals What do you mean, “He’s as healthy as a horse?”

  4. Healthy Animals • Disease • Anything LESS than complete health • Disturbance of normal functions of the body

  5. Healthy Animals • Clinical Signs: (observable) • Bright Eyes • Socializing with other animals and people as usual • Shiny Coat • Healthy Weight • Normal body functions (Urination, defecation, etc.)

  6. Sick Animals • Clinical Signs: (observable) • Weight Loss • Reduced Performance • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Dull eyes/dropped ears • Dull coat

  7. Causes of Disease • Physiological • Organs/glands don’t function properly • Diabetes • Pancreas doesn’t produce insulin to regulate blood sugar • Hyper/Hypothyroidism • Thyroid doesn’t produce thyroxin to regulate metabolism

  8. Causes of Disease • Nutritional • Caused by inadequate nutrition • Rickets • Caused by insufficient iron, causes bones to weaken

  9. Causes of Disease • Morphological • Physical Defect • Caused by accident or negligence • Cuts and Bruises • Scrapes • Scratches • Broken Bones

  10. Causes of Disease • Pathogenic • Virus, Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungus • Most diseases in this category are contagious

  11. Causes of Disease • Parasitic • Caused by parasites (internal or external)

  12. Causes of Disease • Genetic Disease • Inherited trait • Passed from one generation to another • Could be caused by genetic mutation

  13. Canine Diseases • Bordatella (Kennel Cough) • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Airborne (similar to a cold in humans) • Symptoms: Coughing • Treatment: Antibiotics help with symptoms, but doesn’t kill the virus

  14. Canine Diseases • Parvovirus • Cause: Virus affecting mostly puppies • Transmission: Contact, especially with body secretions of a sick puppy. Virus can live for years. • Symptoms: Vomiting, bloody diarrhea • Treatment: Antibiotics, IV Fluids to prevent dehydration. Many puppies die

  15. Feline/Canine Diseases • Rabies • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Through the salvia of an infected animal. (Salivary glands receive high concentrations of the virus) • Symptoms: Foaming at mouth, aggression, and disorientation • Treatment: None, Fatal

  16. Feline Diseases • Feline Leukemia (FeLV) • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Sharing food/water bowls, bite wounds, mutual grooming. (Virus is shed in high quantities through saliva) • Symptoms: enlarged lymph nodes, poor coat, fever, progressive overall decline of health due to low immunity • Treatment: None, fatal

  17. Feline Diseases • Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Inhaling or ingesting the virus (food/water bowls, contact, bite wounds, etc) • Symptoms: Fluid filled abdomen • Treatment: None, Fatal

  18. Feline Diseases Feline Infectious Peritonitis

  19. Feline Diseases • Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Bite Wounds • Symptoms: Immune deficiency and overall sickliness • Treatment: none, fatal *Known as the “AIDS” of cats

  20. Avian Disease • Marek’s Disease • Causes: Virus • Transmission: Direct, indirect contact between birds, airborn • Symptoms: weight loss, leg or wing paralyses and death • Treatment: No Treatment

  21. Pocket Pet Diseases • Wet Tail (diarrhea) • Causes: Virus (intestinal) • Transmission: Direct contact (food bowls, cages, feces, etc) • Symptoms: Loss appetite, diarrhea, dehydration • Treatment: Antibiotics

  22. Reptile Diseases • Shell Rot (Turtles) • Cause: Fungal or Bacterial infection in shell • Transmission: Cuts, scrapes, or cracks in shell, discharge or foul shell • Symptoms: Pitting, soft spots, fluid under shell, discharge or foul smell • Treatment: Swab infected area w/ diluted Providone-iodine solution, scrape away infected portions of shell w/ a blunt tool, swab again, treat w/ antibiotics

  23. Reptile Diseases Shell Rot

  24. Aquatic Disease • Whirling Disease • Cause: Micro Parasite • Transmission: Parasite • Symptoms: Effects nerves and cartilage damage, chasing after their tail • Treatment: No Treatment *Prevention; don’t transfer fish from one body of water to another http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5a0GrrymNo

  25. Rabbit Diseases • Pasteurella (Snuffles) • Cause: Bacteria • Transmission: Direct or indirect contact • Symptoms: Sneezing and Eye Discharge • Treatment: None

  26. Equine Disease • Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) “Swamp Fever” • Cause: Virus • Transmission: Through blood, saliva, milk, and body secretions • Symptoms: High Fever, weakness, anemia • Treatment: no treatments, or widely used vaccines * “Coggins Test” is required for horses to cross state lines

  27. Equine Diseases • Tetanus • Cause: Bacteria • Transmission: Contact with bacteria; most commonly through a wound • Symptoms: 1st: Colic and Stiffness 2nd: Spastic activity in large muscles • Treatment: Antibiotics • and flushing of wound site

  28. Equine Disease • West Nile Virus • Cause: Virus • Transmission: Vector • Symptoms: fever, weakness, aimless wandering, paralysis of hind legs • Treatment: No direct treatment for WNV treat clinical signs; 40% Mortality

  29. Equine Disease • Strangles (Equine Distemper) • Cause: Bacteria • Transmission: Contact • Symptoms: fever, nasal discharge, swollen lymph nodes • Treatment: Antibiotics

  30. Bovine Disease • Mad Cow Disease • Cause: Prion • Transmission: A contaminated feed • Symptoms: delirious, lethargy, confusion • Treatment: No known treatment

  31. Bovine Diseases • Coccidiosis • Cause: Parasite • Transmission: Contact • Symptoms: diarrhea, bloody stool, dehydration, weakness • Treatment: anticoccidial drugs

  32. Bovine Diseases • Mastisis • Cause: Bacterial Infection • Transmission: Contact • Symptoms: Inflammation of the udder • Treatment: Antibiotics

  33. Bovine Diseases • Pink Eye • Cause: Bacteria • Transmission: An eye irritation; contact • Symptoms: red eyelids, frequent blinking, inflammation • Treatment: An eye injection

  34. Bovine Disease • Coronavirus • Cause: Virus • Transmission: Contact • Symptoms: diarrhea, dehydration and nasal discharge • Treatment: treat clinical signs

  35. Bovine Disease • Pneumonia • Cause: viral and bacterial • Transmission: contact • Symptoms: fever, nasal and eye discharge, stiff gait, soft coughing • Treatment: treat clinical signs, antibiotics

  36. Sheep/Goat Diseases • Blue Tongue (Sore Muzzle) • Cause: Virus • Transmission: ?? Mosquitos?? • Symptoms: weakens sheep resistance to other diseases, Secondary infections such as pneumonia, lose appetite, sluggish, fever • Treatment: No treatments, prevented by vaccinations

  37. Preventing Disease At home or on the farm…… Cleanliness and Sanitation Isolate new animals Provide adequate nutrition and shelter Be wise and educated in your breeding programs

  38. Preventing Disease • Sanitation Solutions/Equipment to use at HOME • Lyme • Hot Soap and Water • Bleach, Lysol

  39. Preventing Disease • At the Vet Clinic • Isolate/quarantine very sick animals • Sanitize instruments and exam tables • Educate owners of contagious animals about how to prevent/minimize spread of disease

  40. Preventing Disease • Sanitation Equipment and Solutions to use at the vet clinic • Nolvasan • Iodine • Autoclave • Cold Pack

  41. Parasites • Parasite • Any organism that lives on/in another organism • Causes the host harm • Parasites will die without a host

  42. Parasites • Internal Parasites • Live INSIDE of a host organism

  43. Parasites • Round Worm • Looks like spaghetti • Found in the intestines

  44. Parasites • Tape Worm • Long and Flat in the intestines • Break off in segments and look like rice in the stool

  45. Parasites • Hook Worm • Small, hooked shape • Attach to the wall of the intestine

  46. Parasites • Heart Worm • Found in the circulatory system • Eventually block heart valves

  47. Parasites • External Parasites • Live OUTSIDE of a host organism

  48. Parasites • Fleas • Cause external itching • Not found in Utah! • They don’t survive the winters here • Can infect houses, live in couches, etc

  49. Parasites • Flies • Problem in the late summer and early fall • Flies are attracted to animals • Flies are annoying, but the biggest problem is that they transmit disease

  50. Parasites • Maggots • Fly Larvae • This parasite stats as an external parasite and then moves inside!

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