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India-CERN Meeting in Mumbai (Visions for Future Collaborations)

Steve Myers, Director of Accelerators and Technology at CERN, discusses India's contributions to CERN and the future collaborations. Topics include CERN's accelerators, the production of intense beams towards Gran Sasso, and the challenges of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project.

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India-CERN Meeting in Mumbai (Visions for Future Collaborations)

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  1. India-CERN Meeting in Mumbai(Visions for Future Collaborations) Steve Myers Director of Accelerators and Technology CERN

  2. Indian Contributions to CERN In CERN we are sincerely grateful for these substantial contributions India CERN Mumbai

  3. India CERN Mumbai

  4. India CERN Mumbai

  5. Total of 9 accelerators at CERN, 12 if you consider the 4 rings of the booster India CERN Mumbai

  6. CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso 700 m 100 m 1000m 67 m p + C (interactions) p+, K+ (decay in flight) m+ + nm Task for CERN: produce intense nm beam towards Gran Sasso India CERN Mumbai

  7. CERN to Gran Sasso : 732 km at depth up to 11.4 km India CERN Mumbai

  8. AD@CERN India CERN Mumbai

  9. Entering a New Era in Fundamental Science Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (one of the largest and truly global scientific projects ever) is the most exciting turning point in particle physics. CMS LHCb ALICE ATLAS Exploration of a new energy frontier LHC ring: 27 km circumference India CERN Mumbai

  10. LHC: Some of the Technical Challenges India CERN Mumbai

  11. LHC: First collisions at 7 TeV on 30 March 2010 ALICE LHCb CMS

  12. First Two Running Periods calculated India CERN Mumbai Maximum reached is 10.7x1030 cm-2s-1

  13. Third Running Period Performance Improvement by a factor of 200,000 in 7 months: India CERN Mumbai

  14. 28/10/2010 (approaching 50pb-1) India CERN Mumbai

  15. Peak Luminosity Update needed Goal for 2010 2010 Goal India CERN Mumbai

  16. Chamonix 2011 India CERN Mumbai

  17. Chamonix Sessions • Review of 2010 Operations • Shutdown 2012 (Part 1) • Shutdown 2012 (Part 2) • Beam Energy • High Intensity: Present and Future • Machine Protection in 2011 and beyond • Running in 2011 – Luminosity • High Luminosity (HL-LHC) • LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) • Summaries and Proposals for Decisions India CERN Mumbai

  18. " (Proposals for) Decisions" • Operation after 2011 • Impact of a delay in long shutdown (LS1)from 2012 to 2013. • RP (ALARA, ...), maintenance requirements, impact on future projects... • Impact on the following long shutdown (LS2;2016) • Performance in 2011 • Maximum safe beam energy • Luminosity (Peak and Integrated) Baseline still 1fb-1! • Bunch spacing (electron cloud, bunch instabilities, scrubbing..) • Intensity per bunch (Injectors, beam-beameffects, impedance and instabilities…) • collimation, machine protection, UFOs, • beta*, crossing angles, ... • SEU ; radiation to electronics • ALICE and LHCb; how to operateatlowluminosity India CERN Mumbai

  19. Proposal Do physics in 2012! • BUT study • Maintenance and repairsneeds for such a long running period (2009-2012) • Considere.g. how CV/EL maintenance couldbecarried out during the Christmas in 2011-2012 • Make a new 10 year plan including all shutdowns and technical stops (LMC + experiments) • Try to keep to a minimum the duration of the shutdown in 2013 • Criticalreview (in June 2011) of the need for includingcryo-collimation system in the LS1 shutdown or delay to LS2 India CERN Mumbai

  20. The Return for the Riskassociatedwithenergyincrease India CERN Mumbai

  21. (Probability) Maximum SafeEnergy Probability per Year of burning an interconnect Going to 4TeV, 50s implies a significantincrease in the risk of burning an interconnect Remaining choice India CERN Mumbai

  22. (Impact) Maximum Safe Energy • Electrical arc in an interconnect: • The present consolidation, up to 5 TeV, will suppress mechanical collateral damages in adjacent sub-sectors. • Nevertheless, mechanical damage of the MLI in the concerned sub-sector as well as contamination of the beam pipe(s) could require heavy repair work. • With the present consolidation status, a new incident will still have a big impact on the machine down time (8 to 12 months) • PLUS severe damage to CERN’s reputation India CERN Mumbai

  23. Safety Integration Level (SIL) To achieve a given SIL, the device must meet targets for the maximum (allowable) probability of dangerous failure....... PFD (Probability of Failure on Demand) ........for different SILs as defined in IEC EN 61508 are as follows: 4TeV/50s 3.5TeV/50s LHC safety systems are designed for SIL4 (Beam dump, access safety, ... SIL2 is not acceptable. Return/Risk is not favourable India CERN Mumbai

  24. Proposal Stayat 3.5TeV for 2011 Weshouldoperate in 2011 with the "snubber" capacitors to reducefurther the possible number of quenches (SIL4) Small performance benefit due to reducedneed for luminosity calibration Thermal amplifier to be developped during 2011 to allow measurements during Christmas shutdown for a deterministic decision on a possible energy increase for 2012. India CERN Mumbai

  25. Estimated Peak and Integrated Luminosity • Baseline is 2E32 Peak and 1fb-1 (integrated) (expectation management) • But following 2010, we are confident we will do better b* = 1.5m India CERN Mumbai Possible integratedLuminosity of 2-3 fb-1

  26. “Old” 10 year technical Plan India CERN Mumbai

  27. New Draft 10 year plan India CERN Mumbai

  28. Luminosity Upgrade India CERN Mumbai

  29. Luminosity Upgrade Scenario • For LHC high luminosities, the luminosity lifetime becomes comparable with the turn round time  Low efficiency • Preliminary estimates show that the useful integrated luminosity is greater with • a peak luminosity of 5x1034 cm-2 s-1 and a longer luminosity lifetime (by luminosity levelling) • than with 1035 and a luminosity lifetime of a few hours • Luminosity Levelling by • Beta*, crossing angle, crab cavities, and bunch length • Detector physicists have indicated that their detector upgrades are significantly influenced by the choice between peak luminosities of 5x1034 and 1035. • Pile up events • Radiation effects India CERN Mumbai

  30. Hardware for the Upgrade • New high field insertion quadrupoles • Upgraded cryo system for IP1 and IP5 • Upgrade of the intensity in the Injector Chain • Crab Cavities to take advantage of the small beta* • Single Event Upsets • SC links to allow power converters to be moved to surface • Misc • Upgrade some correctors • Re-commissioning DS quads at higher gradient • Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets • Larger aperture D2 India CERN Mumbai

  31. First Thoughts on an Energy Upgrade India CERN Mumbai

  32. Very Long Term Objectives: Higher Energy LHC Preliminary HE-LHC - parameters Very preliminary with large error bars India CERN Mumbai

  33. HE-LHC – main issues and R&D • high-field 20-T dipolemagnets based on Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, and HTS • high-gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR • fast cycling SC magnets for 1-TeV injector • emittance control in regime of strong SR damping and IBS • cryogenic handling of SR heat load (first analysis; looks manageable) • dynamic vacuum India CERN Mumbai

  34. Thank You for your attention India CERN Mumbai

  35. Help Needed for Splice Consolidation • Opening and closing W (20 FTE’s) • Repair, reinstall and tack PIM’s (2) • Orbital machining of M sleeves and PIM’s (5) • Electrical interconnections (3) • TIG welding M sleeves and PIMs (9) • QC welding (4) • Special intervention team (9), for one-off unplanned or delicate work steps • Other (5) India CERN Mumbai

  36. Proposal While India may wish to take some of this effort, a contribution at the level of the full missing staff (57) would be highly visible, highly useful for CERN and for the whole HEP community. It would identify India as a highly desireable partner, in preparation of its accession to CERN as an associate state. CERN experience shows that the expertise of the Indian staff is excellent but we are unaware if the required number of qualified mechanics can be secured for the required period. India CERN Mumbai

  37. Proposal (2) Other proposals for new collaboration topics that could be coupled • ENERGY extraction absorbers for LHC magnets. • Impedance calculations: for SPS and LHC components • Magnets for HL-LHC: supports, correctors (Nb3Sn?), analysis of magnet behavior, … • Contribution to the HiLumi design study in all aspects, together with US and Japan. • two new Linac4 proposals: alignment jigs and RF couplers. There is, in addition a list of 13 items proposed by CLIC/CTF3 (fine mechanical and electronical parts, and instrumentation for active stabilization, warm magnets, vacuum chambers, beam dumps, accelerating structures and RF components). India CERN Mumbai

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