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Adoption of team estimation in a specialist organizational environment

Adoption of team estimation in a specialist organizational environment. 985202042 王鈺歆. Tor Erlend Fægri SINTEF ICT, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway Tor.E.Fegri@sintef.no. 專業分工的趨勢. 技術性的系統規模變得更大更複雜 , 每個人專注特定領域 官僚管理方式使分工更有效率 明確的工作角色與特定的管理方式使人接觸特定的 problem domains 組織能更高效率處理可預期的工作. 軟體開發公司的窘境.

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Adoption of team estimation in a specialist organizational environment

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  1. Adoption of team estimation in a specialist organizational environment 985202042 王鈺歆 Tor ErlendFægri SINTEF ICT, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway Tor.E.Fegri@sintef.no

  2. 專業分工的趨勢 • 技術性的系統規模變得更大更複雜,每個人專注特定領域 • 官僚管理方式使分工更有效率 • 明確的工作角色與特定的管理方式使人接觸特定的 problem domains • 組織能更高效率處理可預期的工作

  3. 軟體開發公司的窘境 • 技術改變迅速 • 開發前期需求難以決定 • 軟體的靈活、機動性 • 導致軟體系統的開發工作難以預測,導致僵化的過度分工環境掀起驚波駭浪

  4. 不可預測的風浪 • 無論在拳擊場或商業戰場，我們都不可能百分之百避開每一拳。企業需要的是靈活避險腳步、有效降險措施，把衝擊力道降到最低，維持高度應變反擊能力，隨時伺 機再起。簡言之，您需要具備高度彈性的零中斷營運計畫。 (by IBM) • 預留時間、人力、資源看似冗餘,卻是保有彈性的必須條件,而軟體業還必須留有 knowledge

  5. Redundant knowledge • 專精的領域之外的其他領域知識、技能 • 意外發生時能有人及時處理,互相掩護 • 確保溝通有效,不會雞同鴨講

  6. Planning poker • Light-weight • Can integrate knowledge between different roles, not just developers • 增進估計的準確性 • 避免樂觀估計的出現

  7. Research Question: • What barriers can be met when introducing practices to increase redundant knowledge in software organizations? • How can benefits of redundant knowledge overcome these barriers?

  8. CardPay Corporation • Spok, Single Point of Knowledge • 公司的IT缺乏 redundant knowledge , 無法有效應對不可預期的事件 • Tasks were per-allocated or allocated without questions • “ this is a Joe task” • “I’ve already talked with Peter about this task” • 強烈的分工文化變成產生 redundant knowledge 的 barrier , 且 CardPay的團隊難以靠自己去克服

  9. Increase Redundant Knowledge • Collective code ownership • Pair programming • Communities of practice • Job rotation • Planning poker

  10. Why team estimation • CardPay was an atypical software organization • “You know, developing software is only a part of what we do. We have a lot of other specialist functions here as well such as product configuration, report generation, product testing, transaction monitoring and transaction correction.” • team estimation was a generic practice that addressed the need to improve coordination and group-learning • contrary to pair-programming and collective code ownership the practice of team estimation does not require actual programming work to give benefits

  11. Planning Poker practice • Simple • 只需要花幾分鐘解釋 • 除了 estimation card 不需要其他工具 • 經過 3-4次的評估工作後, group members 就掌握 practice ,並將注意力放在 • 了解 task • 估計需要付出多少努力去完成 task

  12. Barrier to team estimation • 三種場合下會放棄 team estimation • 沒時間討論得太詳細 • Small task 不需要做太仔細的估計 (少於 2-3 個小時) • 某些特定類型的 task • 缺乏資訊而放棄 team estimation • 懂的人不在 (SPoK) • Task 過大難以 team estimation • 不易討論出清楚的 problem-solvingstrategy • 須設法將 big task 分解

  13. Benefits of team estimation • The lack of redundant knowledge was exposed by group member’s eager attempts to ask for clarifications • 找出不夠清楚的 task, 標記後留到下次的 Sprint planning meeting 再討論 • Scrum Master 能直接收到最新的 status • 討論時話題常會圍繞在 problem-solving 上,使問題能處理得更好且減少估計出的時程

  14. Conclusions • 研究的成功因素 • Need of change 是從團隊中所共識的通病中找出來的 • 簡單的 change 易於描述、實行 • 馬上就能看到 change 的好處 • 採取團隊容易接受的作法 • 另, 當局者迷, change 可能是由外部的合作者來引導方向

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