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External Features, Bones & Internal Organs

External Features, Bones & Internal Organs. Competency: 9.00 Summarize the major parts of small animals. Objective 9.01. Describe the major external parts of small animals. Basic Anatomy Terminology. Cheek- fleshy side of the face Dewlap- loose skin under the chin

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External Features, Bones & Internal Organs

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  1. External Features, Bones & Internal Organs Competency: 9.00 Summarize the major parts of small animals

  2. Objective 9.01 • Describe the major external parts of small animals

  3. Basic Anatomy Terminology • Cheek- fleshy side of the face • Dewlap- loose skin under the chin • Elbow- upper joint of the front leg • Flank- fleshy part of the side • Foot pad- part that the animal walks on • Forearm- front limb just below the elbow • Guard hair- longer coarse hair above the shorter under fur (protection)

  4. Basic Anatomy Terminology • Hock- tarsal joint halfway up the hind limb • Lion- fleshy part of the side under the spinal column • Muzzle- projecting jaw (nose and mouth) • Nose pad • Tip of the nose • Used for investigating food and unfamiliar objects • Called the nose leather in cats

  5. Basic Anatomy Terminology • Rump- upper rounded part of the hindquarter • Shoulder- above the elbow of the fore leg • Stifle- joint above the hock • Thigh- area between the rump and hock • Whiskers- long hairs growing near the mouth

  6. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Birds • Crown • top of the head • Ear covert • feathers covering the ears • Mandible • upper or lower segment of the bill • Nape • back of the neck • Orbital ring • ring around the eye

  7. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles • Brille • transparent layer covering eyes • Eyelid for snakes • Fins • Web of skin supported with bone or cartilage rods • Enables fish to move through water

  8. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles • Gills • Major organ of the respiratory system • Breath without lungs • Scales • Modified portion of the epidermal layer • Provides protection • Scutes • Epidermal scales found on turtles

  9. Objective 9.02 • Define major skeletal parts of small animals

  10. Skeletal System • Axial skeleton • vertebral column • Ribs • Sternum • skull

  11. Dog Skeleton http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/000f09ca.gif

  12. Dog Skeleton http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/tcolvill/135/images/S23.GIF

  13. Skeletal System • Pectoral limb • front limbs • shoulders, legs and feet • scapula (shoulder blade) • humerus (arm) • radius and ulna (forearm) • carpals, metacarpals and phalanges (toes)

  14. http://www.uoguelph.ca/~mammals/CatSkeleton.jpg

  15. http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zoo.225/Catskeleton.jpeghttp://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zoo.225/Catskeleton.jpeg

  16. Skeletal System • Pelvic limb • rear legs and pelvic bones • hooks • pin bones • femur (upper leg bone) • tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) • Tarsals (hocks) • Metatarsals (feet) • Phalanges (toes)

  17. Rabbit Skeleton http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/foods/458-878/rabbit.gif

  18. Rabbit Skeleton http://www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/anatomy/lab%20animal/rabbit_skeleton.jpg

  19. Skeletal System-Birds • Have some unique bones unlike mammals • Most have a skull bone that elongates toward the front of the head • Some have a skull with an upper beak fused to it while other birds have hinges on both upper and lower mandibles giving it more flexibility

  20. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/birds/printouts/Skeleton.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/birds/printouts/Skeleton.shtml

  21. Objective 9.03 • Discuss the role of internal organs in small animals

  22. Major organs and systems • Heart • major organ in the circulatory system • 3 muscle layers

  23. Circulatory System • Myocardium • second layer muscle that makes up the thickness of the heart • Endocardium • thin layer inside myocardium • Epicardium • thin cover over the myocardium • Other parts of the circulatory system are the arteries, capillaries, veins and blood

  24. Layers of the Heart

  25. Heart

  26. Circulatory System • Other parts of the circulatory system are • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins • Blood

  27. Circulatory System- Functions • Transports • nutrients • metabolic waste • oxygen • Protects against microbes and injury

  28. Kidneys and Bladder • Part of the excretory system • rids the body of waste • maintain chemical composition • volume of blood • regulates tissue fluid

  29. Stomach and Intestines • Major part of digestive system • breaks food down into smaller pieces to be used by the body • Nutrients are gleaned from these food materials

  30. Lungs • Part of the respiratory system • oxygen is taken in by the nose, passed on to the lungs and then goes into the blood

  31. Nervous System • Brains, spinal cord, and nerves • Coordinator of all body activities • Regulates other systems • Controls memory and learning

  32. Reproductive system • Ovaries and testes • Egg • Sperm • Help produce new individuals of the same species

  33. Muscular System • Muscles • Movement • Posture • Support • Produces heat

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