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Metals, Nonmetals, and Movement of Electrons

Metals, Nonmetals, and Movement of Electrons. Why Atoms Become Ions. Noble gases have the most stable electron configuration of all atoms in a period. Atoms are more stable with full valence shells. Metals Lose Electrons.

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Metals, Nonmetals, and Movement of Electrons

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  1. Metals, Nonmetals, and Movement of Electrons

  2. Why Atoms Become Ions Noble gases have the most stable electron configuration of all atoms in a period. Atoms are more stable with full valence shells.

  3. Metals Lose Electrons Metals have a low electronegativity (low ability to attract electrons) and a low ionization energy (easy to lose electrons). Metals will lose electrons to obtain a full valence shell like the noble gas in the period above them.

  4. Nonmetals Gain Electrons Nonmetals have a high electronegativity (high ability to attract electrons) and a high ionization energy (hard to lose electrons). Nonmetals will gain electrons to obtain a full valence shell like the noble gas in the same period.

  5. Forming Cations When a metal atom loses electrons, it no longer has a neutral charge. Na0 - e- → Na1+ A charged atom is known as an ion. Cations refer to positively charged ions.

  6. Forming Anions When a nonmetal atom gains electrons, it no longer has a neutral charge. S0 + 2e- → S2- Again, a charged atom is known as an ion. Anions refer to negatively charged ions.

  7. Determining Ion Charge For metals in groups 1A, 2A, and 3A, the cation charge is equal to the number of valence electrons lost. For nonmetals, the anion charge is equal to the negative number of electrons gained. The charge sign is written to the right of the number.

  8. Determining Ion Charge 1) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a nitrogen (N) atom? 5+ 3- 3+ 5-

  9. Determining Ion Charge 2) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a magnesium (Mg) atom? 2+ 2- 6+ 6-

  10. Determining Ion Charge 3) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a fluorine (F) atom? 7+ 7- 1+ 1-

  11. Determining Ion Charge 4) What is the charge of the ion that forms from an aluminum (Al) atom? 3- 5+ 3+ 5-

  12. Naming Monatomic Ions Group 1A, 2A, and 3A cations keep the name of the parent atom. Ca2+ = calcium Anions are named from the root of the nonmetal and add an “ide” ending. O2- = oxide

  13. Naming Monatomic Ions 5) What is the name of the Ba2+ ion? barium baride boron

  14. Naming Monatomic Ions 6) What is the name of the Cl1- ion? chlorine chlorium chloride

  15. Naming Monatomic Ions 7) What is the name of the ion that forms from a nitrogen atom? nitrogen nitride nitroxide

  16. Naming Monatomic Ions 8) What is the name of the ion that forms from a potassium atom? potassium potasside potassygen

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