Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH Wellesweg 31 D- 47589 Uedem (Germany)

1. Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH Wellesweg 31 D- 47589 Uedem (Germany) Jochen Meurs Senior Product Manager OES

2. OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

3. It is all about light, wavelength and peaks In 1666 Isaac Newton collected sunlight with a magnifying glass, sent these beams of light through a prism and observed the passing light on a screen. He noticed a separation into colours. This colour ribbon is called a spectrum.

4. Physical basics - Atoms

5. Physical basics - Atoms

6. Physical basics - Atoms

7. Physical basics – emission of light Energy

8. Physical basics – emission of light

9. Physical basics - Light

10. What is Light and what is a Spectrum Light : General definition: light is what we can see But light is a wave (energy) where different colours have different wavelengths (energy) Spectrum : Is a continuous range or sequence defined in a particular order. The colours available in a rainbow and visible by the human eye define a spectrum in which the individual colours has a defined appearance order and going from lower to higher wavelength (blue to red)

11. The human eye is only able to see the spectral colours in the rainbow. Beside the visible part of the spectrum, the light spectrum has areas of „waves“ the human eye can not determine. Only spectrometers are able to observe the entire range. The Light Spectrum 100 nm Ultraviolet Violet 380 nm 400 nm Blue 460 nm Green 510 nm Yellow 560 nm Orange 610 nm Red 660 nm 800 nm Infrared 1000 nm

12. Physical basics - Light n = c / l Conversion Frequency / Wavelength (c = speed of light)

13. Principal of a Spectrometer Source and Ignition Computer Readout of the CCD, calculation of the results, steering of the source and printout/storage of the data 316 Sample Polychrome light Light Emission Power The light is reflected and separated by the diffraction grating. The spectra appears on the Rowland Circle. Readout of the Intensity, calculation of the results Steering of the source Diffraction Grating, works similar like a prism CCD for the readout of the light-intensity Printout or storage of data

14. Schematic view of optical system Entrance Slit Polychrome light, emitted during spark process, passes through the entrance slit and falls on the grating. The light is reflected and dispersed into individual spectral lines. The separated light is corresponding to particular wavelength of elements. The light than falls simultaneously on the CCD sensors. Diffraction Grating: Is like a concave mirror, but with rules on it. Modern Gratings have up to 4000 rules/mm. The incoming light is reflected and diffracted. The spectra appears. CCD Chips 130 – 800 nm Grating

15. It is all about light, wavelength and peaks

16. Elements and Wavelength Why do all elements have many different spectral lines? ....simply - each transition of an electron corresponds to a spectral line of a different wavelength The intensity relates to the probability of a transition Example: Aluminium about 400 lines Ferrum about 4500 lines Uranium about 5000 lines Chromium about 2000 lines

17. Spectrum of different samples RE12: approx. 120 ppm C BAS 406: 0.173 % C BAS 407: 0.49 % C BAS 408: 0.289 % C BAS 409: 0.086 % C C – 193.1 nm

18. Visible spectrum

19. The Spectrum of Fe – matrix between 268 nm and 273nm

20. concentration intensitiy

21. PMT System – limited element analysis

22. CCD: coverage of the entire range  multi matrix capable

23. Fields of use for spark-OES 1. Steel plant laboratories • High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (ARL 4460) • Vacuum optical system • LOD‘s < 10 ppm, 1 ppm typical • determination of gases like N2 and O2 possible • T(ime) R(esolved) S(pectrometry) • PMT detectors • laboratory automation

24. Fields of use for spark-OES 2. Foundry laboratories • High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (OI FOUNDRY-MASTER Pro) • Vacuum optical system • LOD‘s < 50 ppm, 10 ppm typical • determination of N2 possible • CCD detectors • good price / performance ratio

25. Fields of use for spark-OES 3. semi-finished products (e.g. tube manufacturers) • Rugged mobile SPARK OES spectrometer (OI TEST-MASTER Pro) • dust proof system • LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical • determination of C, P, S possible • CCD detectors • 4 – 10 m probe umbilical • in-line automation

26. Fields of use for spark-OES 4. Fabricators (incoming inspection) • Versatile mobile / stationary SPARK OES spectrometer • multi-matrix (all technical metals) • LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical • determination of C, P, S possible • CCD detectors • grade identification • easy adaption to irregular shapes

27. P ositive M aterial I dentification Fields of use for spark-OES 5. PMI-testing (refineries, power plants, ship yards) • Versatile mobile SPARK OES spectrometer • multi-matrix (all technical metals) • LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical • determination of C, P, S possible • CCD detectors • grade identification • easy adaption to irregular shapes • battery operation

28. Fields of use for spark-OES 6. Scrap sorting • Handheld OES spectrometer • multi-matrix (all technical metals) • LOD‘s < 1000 ppm, 500 ppm typical • CCD detectors • grade identification • easy adaption to irregular shapes • battery operation • Carbon determination not possible

29. Oxford Instruments – Distinction by Innovation