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Prenatal Development and Birth: Prevention of Congenital Defects

Prenatal Development and Birth: Prevention of Congenital Defects. Tabatha Lovitt December 2 , 2012 Southwestern College Professional Studies. How Can Congenital Defects Be Prevented?. Congenital Abnormalities. Congenital: present at birth Abnormalities: something differing from normal

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Prenatal Development and Birth: Prevention of Congenital Defects

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  1. Prenatal Development and Birth:Prevention of Congenital Defects Tabatha Lovitt December 2, 2012 Southwestern College Professional Studies

  2. How Can Congenital Defects Be Prevented?

  3. Congenital Abnormalities • Congenital: present at birth • Abnormalities: something differing from normal “Congenital abnormalities are thus those features of differences that are present when a child is born, even if they’re not immediately noticed.” (Ellis-Christensin, T., 2012)

  4. Categories of Abnormalities, According to Cause • Chromosome • Single-gene • Conditions during pregnancy • Combination of Genetic and Environment • Unknown Causes

  5. Chromosome Abnormalities A child is born with an abnormal 46 chromosome count Down Syndrome Turner’s Syndrome Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13

  6. Single-Gene AbnormalitiesAbnormal genes on the chromosome • Autosomal Dominant Inheritance: abnormalities passed to child if one parent carries the same gene. • Autosomal Recessive Inheritance: both parents carry the same defective gene. -Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia • Sex-Linked: dominant in boys -hemophilia, muscular dystrophy

  7. Conditions During Pregnancy • Illness - Preterm labor - Brain damage • Alcohol consumption - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Medication/Drug consumption - Hinder fetal growth - Malformations • Pollution (second hand smoke) • Low birth weight • Developmental disabilities • Infant mortality

  8. Combination of Genetic and Environment Occur with genetic influence and exposure to environmental factors during certain times of pregnancy - Spina bifida, cleft lip/palate

  9. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html

  10. Unknown Causes - Applies to most births involving abnormalitiesDoctors know how abnormalities occur, but do not know what triggers that how

  11. Prenatal Diagnosis • Screening tests • Amniocentesis • Ultrasound • Blood tests • Urine samples

  12. Treatment • Surgery - Cleft lip/palate -Heart defects • Therapy -Developmental delays -Physical disabilities • Not all abnormalities are curable or can be prevented -Down syndrome -Fetal alcohol syndrome

  13. Prevention • Genetic Counseling • Nutrition • Exercise • Prenatal Care • Education • Not all defects are preventable

  14. PreventionGenetic Counseling • Family history of genetic conditions • Diseases more common in certain ethnic groups • Abnormal tests results during pregnancy • Chances for certain types of genetic conditions • A genetic condition occurred in a previous pregnancy

  15. PreventionNutrition • Health before conception - Reproductive life plan • Vitamins - Folic acid - Prenatal vitamins • Balanced meals

  16. PreventionExercise • Uphold a healthy weight - Continue or start regular exercise (confer with a doctor about a fitness plan)

  17. PreventionPrenatal Care • See your doctor, discuss: - Medical conditions - Lifestyle and behaviors smoke drink alcohol abusive environment - Medications - Vaccinations

  18. PreventionEducation • Speak with your doctor • Child birth education class • Lamaze class • Breast feeding classes • Infant care programs • CPR course • Create a “birth plan”

  19. Questions? Thank You

  20. References Ellis-Christensin, T. (2012, 11 29). What are the different types of congenital abnormalities. Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-congenital-abnormalities.htm American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). Healthy children.org: Powered by pediatricians. trusted by parents. Retrieved from http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Pages/Congenital-Abnormalities.aspx Encyclopedia Britannica. (2012). Chromosomal disorders. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/116049/chromosomal-disorder EPA. (2010, 12). Making an impact fact by fact. promoting good prenatal health: air pollution and pregnancy. Retrieved from http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/OCHP_PrenatalFS_7_10.htm/$File/OCHP_Prenatal_FS_7_10.pdf

  21. References Baby Center. (1997-2012). Prenatal tests. Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/prenatal-tests Berger, K. (2011). The developing person through the life span. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishing. DOI: www.worthpublishers.com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, 07 19). Facts about cleft lip and cleft palate. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, 01 20). Genetic counseling. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/pediatricgenetics/genetic_couns eling.html

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