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Single Photon Avalanche Diode Module

Single Photon Avalanche Diode Module. Philip Makotyn and Oliver Jan. Outline. Introduction Objectives Review original design Describe project build and functional tests Discuss successes and challenges Other tests Recommendations. Introduction.

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Single Photon Avalanche Diode Module

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  1. Single Photon Avalanche Diode Module Philip Makotyn and Oliver Jan

  2. Outline • Introduction • Objectives • Review original design • Describe project build and functional tests • Discuss successes and challenges • Other tests • Recommendations

  3. Introduction • Single Photon Avalanche Diodes used to detect a single photons • SPAD Modules used in quantum info to detect entangled photons • Single Photon Avalanche Diodes reversed biased into Geiger Mode

  4. Applications • Basic Quantum Mechanics • Cryptography • Astronomy • Single Molecule Detection • Luminescence Microscopy • Fluorescent Decays • Luminescence in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Material Science • Diode Laser Characterization • Optical Fiber Testing in communications and sensor applications • Laser Ranging in space applications and telemetry • Photon Correlation Techniques in laser velocimetry and dynamic light scattering.

  5. Active Quenching vs. Passive Quenching

  6. Circuit Diagram

  7. Objectives • To make a module to drive a Single Photon Avalanche Diode • To lower the cost of production compared to commercially available modules • To use modern components

  8. Block Diagram

  9. Power Distribution

  10. High Voltage, TEC Controller, Boost Converter, and SPAD

  11. SPAD Connector

  12. TTL Output Driver Circuit

  13. Voltage Driver Circuit

  14. Active Quenching Circuit

  15. Project Build • PCB Design • Done in OrCad • PCB Fabrication • Outsourced to PCBFabExpress • Pick and Place • Reflow Oven • Through Hole Soldering • SPAD PCB • Metal Casing

  16. Layout

  17. Pick and Place

  18. Reflow Oven

  19. Through Hole Soldering

  20. SPAD PCB

  21. Metal Casing

  22. Finished Circuit

  23. Functionality Tests

  24. Pulse Input to Comparator U1

  25. Positive Output of Comparator U1

  26. Output of Monostable Trigger U2

  27. Inverted Output of Monostable U5

  28. Output of TTL Converter U10

  29. Output of TTL Converter U11

  30. SPAD Anode (C), Outputs of TTL Drivers U10,11

  31. Input to TTL Circuit Comparator

  32. Output of TTL Circuit Monostable

  33. Successes and Challenges • Active quenching circuit works with a SPAD, but it stopped working and is not repeatable • Circuit performs exactly as specified in the design guidelines • Every part of the circuit is tunable • Hard to troubleshoot because of price of diodes

  34. Cost Analysis • A commercial module costs $5000 • Our module cost $500 to build and includes a $700 SPAD • Our module is much cheaper: total cost of $1200, or about 25% the total cost of a commercial module

  35. Other tests • Verified EMCO High Voltage • Verified ThermOptics TEC Controller • Verified Boost Converter

  36. Recommendations • Disconnect Voltage Driver from the circuit and try to observe passive quenching • Increase Bias Voltage until passive quenching is observed and record

  37. Thanks to • Professor Swenson • Professor Kwiat • Austin Kirchhoff • Alex Spektor • Mike Thompson • Mark Smart • Scott McDonald • Greg Cler • Wally Smith • Professor Franke • Professor Haken

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