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Brassica napus Oil Crop

Brassica napus Oil Crop. By: Edwin Mendez HORT 404 Plant Breeding. Objectives of Lecture. Introduction of Brassica napus Taxonomy, origin, production, and uses Plant culture and Structure Growing Requirements and morphological structures. Parental Genome Triangle of U.

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Brassica napus Oil Crop

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  1. Brassica napus Oil Crop By: Edwin Mendez HORT 404 Plant Breeding

  2. Objectives of Lecture • Introduction of Brassica napus • Taxonomy, origin, production, and uses • Plant culture and Structure • Growing Requirements and morphological structures. • Parental Genome • Triangle of U

  3. Objectives of Lecture • Breeding Objective • Breeding Techniques • Need for broadening genetic material • Example of breeding for early-flowering. • Biotechnology Application • Making canola oil into Margarine

  4. Taxonomic Classification • Family:Brassicaceae • Genus: Brassica • Species: B. napus • Common name: rape, rapeseed, canola, or annual

  5. Origin The origin of rape is as yet indefinite, but is most likely the Eurasian region, since the oldest known references to its cultivation have come from India, China and Japan approximating to BC 2000.

  6. Production Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT 2006)

  7. Low Erucic Acid Concentration in Oil Edible Oil Waste Meal Canola Meal Seed Meal for livestock feed General Products from Rapeseed

  8. Edible Rapeseed - Uses • Rapeseed is the third leading source of vegetable oil in the world • Canola Oil

  9. Plant Culture • Soil Type - Prefers Loamy soils • Nutrient Requirements - High Nitrogen • Plant density - A row spacing of 15 cm • Light intensity - Full sun • Temperature - Prefers Moderate during growth, below 25 ºC day

  10. Triangle of U The Triangle of U is a theory which describes the evolution and relationships between members of the plant genus Brassica.

  11. Brassica napus Genome • Amphidiploid • AACC • n=2x=19 • Self-Pollinated varieties and cross pollinated varieties.

  12. Parental Material • Combination of B. rapa (AA, n=10) and B. Oleracea (CC, n=9) forms gives rise to B. Napus.

  13. Principal Breeding Objectives • Seed yield (extraction of oil)*** • Oil content and oil quality*** • Breeding for early flowering • Resistance to frost/cold • Resistance to diseases • Resistance to pest • Resistance to lodging

  14. Centers of Genetic Collections • Proposed origin such as China, India and Japan • Cultivated varieties • Germplasm available at different research station in India

  15. Centers of Genetic Collections • Indigenous collections • Collection of exotic germplasm from Bengla Desh, China, Russia, Pakistan and Afghanistan

  16. Breeding • Due to its origin, B. napus contains the genetic variability of only those sub-species or varieties involved in the original crosses. • Thus making the genetic base very narrow.

  17. Strategy to broaden the genetic basis is the production or resynthesized rapeseed by crossing theoriginal ancestors.

  18. Breeding for Early Flowering: Brassica napus • Increase yielding crop*** • Adapt Cultivar to other location • Early time to reach market

  19. B. Rapa cv. Pok Choi B. Olearacea CrGC3-1

  20. Testing Hybrid • Test in the different locations. • Used markers to test indicating the presence or absence of early flowering gene. • Test oil quality and quantity of new hybrid.

  21. Biotechnology uses in Brassica napus • In the current market, most margarine and shortening are high in bad fatty acid. • The type of fatty acid chain in canola oil did not let it solidified at room temperature.

  22. Canola lines expressing the antisense stearoyl-ACP desaturase (delta-9 desaturase) gene allows the oil to become solid at room temperature. It is low in saturated fat, rich in Vitamin E and a good source of omega-3 fatty acids.

  23. References • http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/91/3/242.pdf • http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567 • http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00476.x?cookieSet=1 • http://www.ext.colostate.edu/Pubs/crops/00110.pdf • http://www.cazv.cz/2003/PSE9_03/6-ozer.pdf • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6M-40B8464-4&_user=952835&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000049198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=952835&md5=2c845061f0b475f8527c40ee1468131b#sec8 • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://polyploid.agronomy.wisc.edu/material/brassica/brasica_resynth2.gif&imgrefurl=http://polyploid.agronomy.wisc.edu/material/brassica.html&h=307&w=437&sz=6&hl=en&start=2&sig2=Npp6GxjKedjETZMHcoFf0g&um=1&tbnid=lr1sfiMeS8uTFM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=126&ei=6cEOSN3RIqP-iQHTuvS3Cg&prev=/images%3Fq%3DB.%2Brapa%2Band%2BB.%2BOleracea%2B%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DN • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kursus.kvl.dk/shares/plantbreed/previous%2520years%2520(Danish)/200_aktiviteter2004/_50_Background/Rapeseed/440-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://kursus.kvl.dk/shares/plantbreed/activity2006/_background/week12/RapeseedBreeding.htm&h=555&w=328&sz=24&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=G_A5F5rUOoWDtM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrassica%2Bnapus%2Bseed%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us • http://www.regional.org.au/au/gcirc/canola/p-07.htm

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