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Issuba O mbinili Tvshka Choctaw Light-horsemen

Issuba O mbinili Tvshka Choctaw Light-horsemen. Ryan L. Spring Historic Preservation Department Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Duties. Principle Law Enforcement for the Choctaws in Mississippi and Indian Territory Settled Disputes Made Arrests Carried out Sentences.

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Issuba O mbinili Tvshka Choctaw Light-horsemen

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  1. IssubaOmbinili TvshkaChoctaw Light-horsemen Ryan L. Spring Historic Preservation Department Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

  2. Duties • Principle Law Enforcement for the Choctaws in Mississippi and Indian Territory • Settled Disputes • Made Arrests • Carried out Sentences

  3. Pre-RemovalChoctaw Government Mó-sho-la-túb-bee, He Who Puts Out and Kills, Chief of the Tribe, George Catlin, 1834, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Jr. 1985.66.294

  4. Pre-RemovalChoctaw Government • Laws in Choctaw society were enforced by the Iksa (moieties) in each village. • If a law was broken the guilty party would compensate the offended party. Choctaw Village near the Chefuncte, François Bernard, 1869, Peabody Museum, 41-72-10/27

  5. Changes in Choctaw Society • Western Influences • Trade • Intermarriage • Western Diplomacy • Western Schools • To Adapt • IssubaOmbinili TvshkaChoctaw Light-horsemen

  6. Early Light-horsemen1820- 1837 Duties Laws Enforced Liquor (39 Lashes) Theft (39 Lashes) Adultery (39 Lashes) Murder (39 Lashes) • Acted as judge, jury, and enacted punishments • No appeals • Settled Disputes

  7. Light-horseman in Indian Territory1838 - 1860 • Six Light-horsemen per district, 2 year terms • Enforced judgments of the Tribal Judges • Equipment • Revolvers, Rifles, Shotguns • Wore clothing similar to the US Marshalls • Whiskey Law • Summon Citizens • Jails Created • Principle Chief was granted 6 Light-horsemen as special messengers and enforcers

  8. Light-horseman in Indian Territory1838 - 1859 • Treason (Death) • Accusation (60 Lashes) • Arson ( 39 Lashes) • Perjury ($10-$100 or 39 Lashes) • Rape (100 Lashes or 2nd Offense Death) • Murder (Death Penalty) • No Stickball or Horse Races on Sundays ($10) • Grand Larceny ($25, 2nd Offense Death) • Kidnapping (Branded "T" and 100 Lashes • Sodomy (Death) • Resistance with Deadly Weapon (Death)

  9. American Civil War1861 – 1865 • May 7th, 1861 • Law Destabilized • Refugees • Raiders and Outlaws • Lack of food • Cattle • Crops

  10. Post Civil War1866 - 1894 Changes Notable Outlaws & Others Lewis Terrell Gang John Jenkins John Carpenter Belle Star Robber’s Cave Quantrill Gang Frank & Jesse James, Cole Younger Colbert’s Ferry • Death penalty changed to shot until dead • Light-horse replaced by County Sheriffs and Rangers • District chiefs able to appoint his own lighthorseman as a peace officer and messenger • National Treasurer allowed 2 Light-horseman

  11. Dissolution of Light-horseman1895 • Judge Holson from Wilburton Court disbanded the Light-horsemen in 1895. • Silan Lewis was shot by the light-horseman on November 5th, he did not die from the gunshot and was executed by suffocation.

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