Introduction to Computers

1. Introduction to Computers Prepared by: Eman A. Amer Note » Please watch the movie wherever you see this image

2. Introduction to Computers • What does Computer mean? • What does Computer System mean? • What does Network mean? • How have computers affected our lives? Prepared by: Eman A. Amer Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

3. Introduction to Computers • Software • System Software • (Window XP, Windows 7) • Applications Software • - Office (2003, 2007, 2010) • - Adope Photoshop • Computer • Hardware • CPU • ALU • CU • Main Memory • RAM • ROM • Secondary Storage • Harddrive • Floppy Disk • CD/ DVD • Flash • Peripheral Devices • Input Devices • Output Devices Prepared by: Eman A. Amer Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

4. Computer Definition • Computer A programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations, stores, and processes information. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

5. Types of Computers Desktop Mainframe PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) Laptop Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

6. Computer System • Computer Hardware: • Physical (visible) parts of a computer and related devices. • Computer Software: • Programs and applications (Invisible) that run on computer,and tell the computer what to do. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

7. Computer System (Hardware) Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

8. Computer System (Software) System Software Application Software Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

9. Input Devices • Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Mouse Keyboard Scanner Microphone Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

10. Input Devices • Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Trackball Touchpad Light Pen Digital Camera Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

11. CPU • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • - This is the brain of your computer. It processes everything from basic instructions to complex functions. • - Two typical components of a CPU are: • The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. • The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory, decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. • - The CPU can also be referred to "processor." Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

12. CPU Speed • CPU (Central Processing Unit) - CPU speed is measured by the number of completed instruction cycles per second. - CPU speeds range from 600 megahertz (MHz or million cycles per second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second). Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

13. The Functions of CPU • The Functions of the Central Processing Unit: • Performing calculations. • Controlling logic. • Immediate access memory. • Coordinating other function. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

14. Main Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) - A memory device in which information can be accessed in any order. - The results of your work are stored temporarily in RAM . - RAM is inexpensive. - RAM can be reused many times by your computer. - RAM is also volatile. • ROM (Read Only Memory) - A computer memory that can permanently store data and applications within it. - It holds the basic programs that make the computer ready to work. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

15. Memory Size • Binary System • - What is a bit? • Bit stands for Binary Digit. • A Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer uses. • A bit equals either 1 or 0. • A bit is like a switch • On means 1 • Off means 0 • Computer understands machine language. • Bit = 0 OR 1 • Byte = 8 bits • Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes. • Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes. • Gigabyte = 1024 Megabytes. • Terabyte = 1024 Gigabytes. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

16. Example • - How many ???? • 10 Bytes (----------) Bits • 10 Megabytes (----------) Kilobytes • 15 Megabytes (----------) Bits Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

17. Secondary Storage • Hard Drive • - The hard drive stores all your data. • A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, • It can hold over 100 GB of data. • There are 2 types of hard drive: • Internal hard drive • External hard drive Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

18. Secondary Storage • Internal hard drive • External hard drive - An external hard drive sits outside the main computer tower. - The external hard drive is connected to the computer via a high-speed interface cable. - It allows the user to back up or store important information separate from the main internal hard drive. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

19. Secondary Storage • CD / DVD - A type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data • USB Flash - A data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. - USB flash drives are removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

20. Secondary Storage • Zip Disk • A computer hardware device that stores data. • It holds around 100 megabytes of data. • Floppy Disk • - A soft magnetic disk. • Floppy Disk is portable. • Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks. • have less storage capacity. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

21. Output Devices • Output Devices (output the information from the computer) Plotter Monitor Printer Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

22. Computer Software • Software • - Programs and applications (Invisible) that run on computer, and tell the computer what to do. • There are 2 types of Software: • System Software • The software that provide the basic functions of the computer to run. • Examples (Windows XP, Windows 7, Mac) • Application Software • The software that is written for specific reason. • Examples (Office 2007, Photoshop, 3D Max) Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

23. Computer Software System Software Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

24. Computer Software Applications Software Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

25. Computer Software Applications Software Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

26. Network Definition • Network • - A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware resources between many users. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

27. Types of Networks • LAN (Local Area Network) • - A communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area, for example (across a room, building, or a cluster of buildings). Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

28. Types of Networks • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • - A communications network that covers a geographic area such as a town, city or suburb Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

29. Types of Networks • WAN (Wide Area Network) • - A long-distance communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a state or country. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

30. The Benefits of the Networks • Hardware Sharing • Share expensive hardware such as printer and plotter. • Better Communication • Enable communication programs such as email and instant messaging. • Application Sharing • Run applications on server instead of installing them on computer individually. • Shared Knowledge • Share important files and information between users. Prepared by: Eman A. Amer

31. Computers in our lives • E- mail • E- commerce • E- government • E- learning Prepared by: Eman A. Amer